Types of flat and round fish: description and features

Types of white fish

Flathead fish is a type of white fish. It is noteworthy that in ancient times it was considered the most valuable species, and fishing was extremely developed. Villages and cities were located close to bodies of water: lakes, rivers and seas. The main source of income for people in those distant times was fishing.

Today, fishing also occupies one of the leading places. White fish is of particular nutritional value and serves as the basis for preparing all kinds of dishes. Its taste and beneficial properties have brought it unprecedented popularity. In addition, unlike red, it is not such an expensive food product. Its appearance also attracts attention, and catching it becomes a very exciting activity. There are a great many fishermen hunting specifically for this species.

White sea fish has a specific light color. Its various types differ from each other in external characteristics, as well as in belonging to certain families; its main types are flat and round.

Round view of fish

Cod . The sea fish is quite impressive in size. It reaches about a meter in length and weighs from 20 to 35 kg. Differs in varieties depending on habitat. On the shelves there are mainly Atlantic and Pacific cod. Cod contains the largest amount of valuable substances in its composition. High nutritional value and low fat make it a balanced diet for people leading an active lifestyle. The taste of cod can be incomparably revealed through various culinary actions. Frying, baking, stewing are the main cooking methods. Exquisite marinades can elevate cooked cod to the main positions on a restaurant menu. Negative factors of eating cod include the ability of fish to accumulate mercury salts in the process of life.

Mackerel . Sea fish, common on store shelves. The main place where mackerel is caught is the waters of the Pacific Ocean. The unique composition of mackerel meat is the complete absence of carbohydrates. There are exactly 0 carbohydrates per 100 g of product. At the same time, fish contains all useful groups of vitamins, microelements, and healthy fatty acids. Useful for people with high calorie consumption. Women get the niacin and phosphorus they need for health. For children, mackerel is ideal for introducing complementary foods. The relative harm of mackerel lies in the popular method of processing it – smoking. This increases the fat content of the fish. Therefore, smoked mackerel is recommended to be consumed in reasonable quantities.

Perch . A popular and widespread species with a wide habitat. The size of the fish depends on the geography of catching. In warm waters, individuals reach one meter. In our country, a smaller size of about 20 cm is common. Perch meat has a delicate creamy taste. The absence of large bones and the small number of thin ones, as well as the healthy composition, are not a reason for frequent consumption of perch. The hard scales and sharp, prickly fins of the fish neutralize the taste and nutritional properties of this species. Perch is easy to prepare. Since perch is the driest fish compared to other species, the fish can be deliciously served with various sauces. The disadvantage of the fish is the prickliness of the fins and the density of the scales as an inconvenience in cutting. However, the problem can be easily solved by dipping the fish in boiling water for a few minutes. After this, the fins can be easily cut off with kitchen scissors.

Som. One of the largest representatives of river fish species. It is extremely popular among chefs due to its large size and complete absence of scaly cover. The sedentary lifestyle of sedentary river fish affects the composition. Delicious catfish meat has high fat content and low calorie content. The high content of vitamins B, E, fatty acids, potassium, and phosphorus make catfish meat an excellent dietary product. It is useful for athletes, pregnant women, and children as complementary foods. According to the nutritional standards of meat, catfish successfully replaces pork and beef. Catfish is popular among residents of our country in any form. Fans especially respect kebab in a light marinade. Due to the increased fat content, it is recommended that catfish meat be consumed with caution by people with diseases of the cardiovascular system and hypertensive patients.

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Flat varieties

The species has a characteristic feature: the original flattened body shape. Their main bones radiate from the back in the form of rays directed towards both sides of the ridge. It seems as if the entire upper part of this creature is its back, and the lower part is its stomach. However, it is not. Most of the surfaces are occupied, oddly enough, by the sides. Some representatives of this type of fish can reach up to two meters in length. You should understand the names of flat fish, which are the most popular today:

• flounder,
• halibut,
• whitefish,
• tilapia.

Let's look at the brightest representatives of this family.

Flounder

It is noteworthy that there are approximately 500 species of flounder fish on earth. Their habitat is very diverse: they are found both in hot tropical waters of seas and oceans, and in icy arctic ones. As a rule, they live in coastal areas, but some species can enter rivers, rising quite high in them. Some species are found at very significant depths.

There are about 30 species of flounder in the Russian seas. There are different names for flounder: salt, sole, gloss, diamond, limand. Her body looks flattened on both sides, she can gain weight up to 3 kilograms. In the upper part, where the eyes are located, the color is lighter and brighter. Mostly found at the very bottom. It is found in the Azov, Black, Bering, Okhotsk and Mediterranean seas, as well as in the waters of the Atlantic Ocean. Spawning takes place in early spring at a depth of 150 m .

One cannot help but appreciate its excellent taste, which is why the fish is caught at a very fast pace. This leads to a sharp decline in flounder populations in many seas.

Halibut

Belongs to the order of predators. It feeds on pollock, cod, flounder, and a variety of mollusks. The lifespan of halibut is about 30 years. It is one of the valuable species of commercial fish, as a result of which it is caught in unusually large quantities.

It is found in the northern Pacific and Atlantic oceans, as well as in the Seas of Okhotsk and Barents. It is divided into such varieties as black, common, Asian and American arrowtooth halibut.

tilapia

Belongs to a freshwater species. Lives at the bottom of tropical reservoirs. Tilapia is not a picky eater and feeds on all kinds of organisms in the water.

In addition, tilapia is artificially bred in North American, African and Asian countries. Its meat is rich in protein, lean, and has an excellent taste. For this, she was nicknamed the “royal perch.”

Round inhabitants of reservoirs

Many people wonder how round fish differs from flat fish. The name here speaks for itself. Round fish are characterized by a rounded body shape, while it is slightly thickened. Her eyes are located on both sides of her head. It is characterized by the curved shape of the rib bones, which go down from the ridge.

The following types of fish are classified as round:

• angler,
• striped bass,
• red snapper,
• haddock,
• nelma,
• burbot,
• hake,
• cod.

The most common of these types are the following:

• Cod. This family has a certain number of subspecies. Some individuals reach a length of about 1.7 m, while others do not grow up to 1 m. Cod is a valuable commercial fish species, which is found mainly in the northern parts of the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. They are characterized by high fertility and a gregarious lifestyle. Of particular value are individuals aged from 3 to 7 years, weighing about 10 kg. A very interesting fact is that some specimens live up to 100 years and are famous for their gigantic size.
• Nelma. Also belongs to the order of freshwater fish, it is characterized by a silvery tint. Nelma is quite large: its weight sometimes reaches 50 kg, and its length is up to 1.5 m. It feeds on smaller fish, such as smelt and vendace. Spawning of nelma occurs in the fall. Its fertility is quite high and can amount to up to 400 thousand eggs.
• Haddock. It is one of the varieties of valuable commercial fish. Its annual catch is produced in huge quantities - more than 500 thousand tons. Lives in the depths of the Atlantic and Arctic oceans. It reaches a weight of 20−30 kg, but most caught individuals weigh no more than 15 kg. It differs from other species by its specific oval-shaped black spots on both sides of the head. According to experts, they recognize their relatives by the presence of these characteristic spots. It can often be found on sale in grocery and fish stores, and its lean meat is recommended for consumption by nutritionists.
• Burbot is similar in appearance to catfish and lives in fresh waters. Found in Europe and Asia. Preference is given to cool water, with temperatures not exceeding +25°C. Lives in close proximity to the bottom. During the hot summer period, when the water temperature exceeds the optimal temperature regime, burbot hides under snags and in burrows until cold weather arrives. He prefers to “hunt” at night, so it is at this time of day that it is best to catch burbot, using spoons, lures, and bottom tackle.
• Hake, as a representative of the cod species, loves salt water and lives shallow. Most often, individuals are found with a length of about 40−50 cm, but some specimens reach 1.5 meters in length. Hake deserves to take an honorable first place among cod fish, thanks to the excellent taste of the meat. Nutritionists also recommend consuming it, because hake meat contains a large amount of vitamins and is low-fat.
• Striped bass also has high characteristics in all respects. Spawns in the Atlantic Ocean, where low water temperatures prevail. It is also found in the Sea of ​​Azov. It is classified as a predator and is usually caught by sports fishermen: catching a perch is not so easy. Its characteristic features are unpredictability of behavior and rapid movement along the water surface, which greatly complicates catching, which, in turn, requires careful preparation and special detection equipment, such as an echo sounder. Interestingly, the largest specimen caught weighed 37 kg.
• Monkfish also has another name - “European anglerfish”. It lives at a depth of two hundred meters, its lifestyle is sedentary. Can reach very large sizes. It has a large, flattened head, occupying almost two-thirds of its body. Found in the waters of the Atlantic Ocean, in the Barents and Black Seas, it feeds on small fish. Despite its unattractive appearance, monkfish has excellent taste.

Poisonous fish of the Black Sea

Poisonous species are few in number in the Black Sea. In addition to the astrologer, the following are dangerous:

• a dragon reaching 40 centimeters in length and equipped with toxic spines located on the gills and head

• Stingray, which is a stingray, accustomed to burrow into the sand, leaving above it only a tail with a 35-centimeter needle filled with poison

• Black Sea scorpionfish, reaching 1.5 meters in length, having long supraocular tentacles and numerous poisonous outgrowths, needles on the body

These are fish in the Black Sea . Only stingray venom can lead to death, and only if the victim has problems with the heart or respiratory system. The venom of a large stingray can also kill a child or an old man without proper and timely medical care.

Dragons and scorpionfish sting, causing, in addition to itching and swelling of the wounds:

• temperature
• aching joints
• vomiting
• stool disorders
• dizziness

The Black Sea scorpionfish can sometimes be found in shallow water, not far from the shore, but more often it lives at a depth of more than 50 meters. Therefore, meeting a toxic sea resident is unlikely. It is worth looking out for stingrays and dragons near the shore. The stingray needle is hardly noticeable among the sand. The little dragon resembles an ordinary goby - a commercial species. It's confusing.

Beneficial features

White fish has excellent taste, thanks to which it is used in preparing all kinds of dishes. It is suitable for consumption boiled, fried, and also dried. It contains many vitamins, minerals and trace elements that are necessary to maintain normal functioning of the body.

In addition, it is a dietary product, because the amount of fat it contains is small. However, among these fish there are also species that have a certain degree of fat content, for example, greenling, halibut, catfish, mackerel and herring. The rest are recommended for use by nutritionists in order to normalize the diet.