Party system of Japan - Constitutional law of foreign countries (Kormushkina N.V.)

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Our website “Fushigi Nippon - Mysterious Japan” is dedicated to the culture of Japan, Japanese art and traditions, as well as the life of ordinary Japanese. Every day we have new information about this wonderful country - articles dedicated to Japan, reviews of anime and works of famous Japanese painters, as well as recipes for Japanese cuisine and much more.

The main section of the site is articles about Japan , which covers all aspects of Japanese culture: from society and native Japanese customs to the secrets and history of Japanese cuisine and art.

More information about the “ Articles about Japan ” section:

The Geography section provides a map of Japan, describes the geographical location of the country and its administrative-territorial division.

The articles in the State are devoted to Japanese society and the problems it struggles with. the Gaijin Directory will be of undoubted interest , which lists the most necessary things: how much housing costs in Japan, how to send a child to kindergarten, how to get health insurance in Japan and much more. It will be useful to familiarize yourself with the Japanese Constitution.

The Art of Japan section contains articles on many different areas: there are articles devoted to Japanese theater and handicrafts, ikebana and bonsai, and also provides advice on the practice of Feng Shui and arranging a Japanese garden on your site. The section also contains articles dedicated to outstanding Japanese figures - directors, painters, voice actors - i.e. those who made a tangible contribution to the development of Japanese culture.

Articles in the History will tell about the hard everyday life of samurai, their training and schools, the arrangement of medieval Japanese society, the Meiji Restoration and other stages of Japanese history. The history of Japan is rich in a variety of events, which, for convenience, are presented in a separate article and presented in chronological order. The reigns of the first Japanese kings and shoguns are given.

In the Cooking you will find descriptions of such popular Japanese cuisine products as tofu, soy sauce, tuna, wasabi, daikon and others; learn how to prepare sake at home, how to eat with chopsticks and set the table in Japanese style.

The culture of Japan is very unique and often incomprehensible to residents of other countries. the Culture section are intended to eliminate barriers of misunderstanding , which will talk about relations in Japan between men and women, about the Japanese sense of beauty and beauty, about personal and public communication between Japanese, and also tell about the position of women in modern Japanese society, accepted norms of business etiquette in communicating with the Japanese and many other aspects characteristic of the residents of this particular country.

In the Literature you can get acquainted with very unique Japanese poetry (for example, haiku (hoku) and tanka), Japanese myths and legends, as well as Japanese fairy tales, sometimes sad, and sometimes completely incomprehensible to Westerners. The section also presents collections of samurai ethics: “Hagakure”, written by Yamamoto Tsunetomo, and “The Book of Five Rings”, written by the sword master Miyamoto Musashi.

The Japanese are not devout, but they are religious, and their indigenous religion, Shinto, is a unique amalgamation of animistic beliefs dating back centuries. Buddhism is also widespread in Japan, but has changed under the pressure of circumstances over time. You can read more about Shintoism and Buddhism in the Religion .

Japanese traditions and the behests of their ancestors are unshakable and are sacredly observed after many centuries: tea and wedding ceremonies are still held, and modern Japanese businessmen still honor the Code of Bushido and follow the instructions taught to young samurai. Traditions section also covers holidays celebrated in Japan.

The Japanese language is very unique and, like Chinese, is based on hieroglyphs. Japanese characters represent entire syllables, and often words at once, and can be written in several ways. The simplest way is the katakana alphabet, which is currently used for the most part to write foreign words and borrowings. More complex than katakana is hiragana, which is used to write ordinary Japanese words and is characterized by smoother lines. The language of the people is most clearly manifested in proverbs and sayings, which are presented in large numbers in the Language . Also, do not forget about non-verbal means of communication (facial expressions and gestures), which are also given attention in the articles.

There is also an Encyclopedia in which you can learn a lot of new things. For example, the encyclopedia “Male and Female Japanese Names” contains about 2000 names, and the encyclopedia “Japanese Words and Expressions” can find the meanings of many different Japanese expressions. The Japanese Gods Encyclopedia contains information about the most significant and famous gods of the Japanese pantheon, and the Japanese Cuisine Encyclopedia will provide explanations regarding the terminology of Japanese cuisine.

Japanese Cuisine section contains a large number of recipes for Japanese cuisine, for example, sushi and sashimi recipes, Japanese soup recipes, Japanese sweets recipes and many others. Most of the recipes are very simple to follow, and in terms of exoticism, Japanese cuisine is perhaps rivaled only by Chinese cuisine. The main ingredients for the dishes are a variety of seafood (tuna, shrimp, eel and, of course, fugu) and seaweed (kombu, for example), as well as, of course, rice and vegetables (daikon, beans, celery and others). Soy products are also popular - tofu and miso, and the king of products from this plant is soy sauce! Recently, the Japanese have begun to actively consume products typical of Western cuisine, but traditional culinary recipes are still loved and not forgotten, which is not surprising, because in addition to its exoticism, Japanese cuisine is the healthiest in the world, and the Japanese diet helps the indigenous people The Land of the Rising Sun will live to a very old age in good spirits and sound mind. Helpful Tips section is intended to help cooks , where you can find information on how to replace some ingredients that are unique to Japanese cuisine.

Anime Reviews section is dedicated to evaluating and discussing one of the areas of modern Japanese culture - anime. Anyone can send their review of the anime, as well as leave comments.

Origami diagrams and kusudama diagrams contain descriptions and instructions for assembling many models of origami and modular origami - a Japanese art that has gained incredible popularity throughout the world. The presented patterns have different levels of complexity and even a novice origamist can find a pattern to suit his taste and skill.

Japanese prints are very original and often very skillfully made, so the works of famous Japanese artists such as Katsushika Hokusai, Ando Hiroshige and other painters the Photo Gallery Also in the Photo Gallery you can find the creativity of our readers and photographs of modern Japan.

For communication and discussion of materials, we have a convenient Forum , the main sections of which are “Anime and Manga”, “All about Japan”, “Our Creativity”, “Culinary Duel” and “Tea House”. A variety of topics are discussed: Japanese cinema, features of Japanese cuisine, Japanese painting, anime and much more.

Leaders[edit]

No.	Photo	Name	Term of office
			Took office	Left office
Chairman of the Social Democratic Party of Japan
1	Tetsu Katayama	September 28, 1946	January 16, 1950
Chairman of the Social Democratic Party of Japan (Right)
—	Jotaro Kawakami	January 19, 1951	October 12, 1955
Chairman of the Japanese Socialist Party (Left)
—	Suzuki Mosaburo	January 18, 1951	October 12, 1955
Chairman of the Social Democratic Party of Japan (Unified)
2	Suzuki Mosaburo	October 12, 1955	March 23, 1960
3	Inejiro Asanuma	March 23, 1960	October 12, 1960 (killed)
—	Saburo Eda (acting)	October 12, 1960	March 6, 1961
4	Jotaro Kawakami	March 6, 1961	May 6, 1965
5	Kozu Sasaki	May 6, 1965	August 19, 1965
6	Seiichi Katsumata	August 19, 1965	October 4, 1968
7	Tomomi Narita	November 30, 1968	September 26, 1977
8	Ichio Asukata	December 13, 1977	September 7, 1983
9	Masashi Ishibashi	September 7, 1983	September 8, 1986
10	Takako Doi	September 9, 1986	July 31, 1991
11	Makoto Tanabe	July 31, 1991	January 19, 1993
12	Sadao Yamahahana	January 19, 1993	September 25, 1993
13	Tomiichi Murayama	September 25, 1993	January 19, 1996

Links[edit]

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    . Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. paragraph 127. ISBN 978-0-6749-8442-4.
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Election results[edit]

General election results[edit]

Elections	Leader	Number of places won	Number of votes in the district	% of district votes	Number of PR block votes	% of PR block votes	Government
Japanese Socialist Party era
1946	Tetsu Katayama	96/466	10 069 907	18,2			Opposition
1947	Tetsu Katayama	144/466	7 203 050	26,3			Coalition
1949	Tetsu Katayama	48/466	4,129,794	13,8			Opposition
1952	Jotaro Kawakami Mosaburo Suzuki	116/466	8 001 745	22,6			Opposition
1953	Jotaro Kawakami Mosaburo Suzuki	138/466	9 194 548	26,6			Opposition
1955	Jotaro Kawakami Mosaburo Suzuki	156/466	10 812 906	29,2			Opposition
1958	Mosaburo Suzuki	167/467	13 155 715	33,1			Opposition
1960	Jotaro Kawakami	144/467	10 839 130	27,4			Opposition
1963	Jotaro Kawakami	144/467	11 906 766	29,0			Opposition
1967	Kozo Sasaki	140/486	12 826 104	27,9			Opposition
1969	Tomomi Narita	90/486	10 074 101	21,4			Opposition
1972	Tomomi Narita	118/491	11 478 142	21,9			Opposition
1976	Tomomi Narita	123/511	11 713 009	20,7			Opposition
1979	Ichio Asukata	107/511	10 643 450	19,7			Opposition
1980	Ichio Asukata	107/511	11 400 747	19,3			Opposition
1983	Masashi Ishibashi	112/511	11 065 082	19,5			Opposition
1986	Masashi Ishibashi	85/512	10 412 584	17,2			Opposition
1990	Takako Doi	136/512	16 025 473	24,4			Opposition
1993	Sadao Yamahahana	70/511	9 687 588	15.4			Eight-party coalition (1993–1994)
							LDP–JSP–NPS coalition (1994–1996)

Councilor election results[edit]

Elections	Leader	Total number of seats	Number of places won	Number of national votes	% of national votes	Number of prefectural votes	% of prefectural votes
Japanese Socialist Party era
1947	Tetsu Katayama	47/250	3 479 814	16,4%	4 901 341	23,0%
1950	Tetsu Katayama	61/250	36/125	4 854 629	17,3%	7 316 808	25,2%
1953	Mosaburo Suzuki	66/250	28/125	5,559,875	20,7%	6 870 640	24,5%
1956	Mosaburo Suzuki	80/250	49/127	8 549 940	29,9%	11 156 060	37,6%
1959	Mosaburo Suzuki	85/250	38/127	7 794 754	26,5%	10 265 394	34,1%
1962	Jotaro Kawakami	66/250	37/127	8 666 910	24,2%	11 917 675	32,8%
1965	Kozo Sasaki	73/251	36/127	8 729 655	23,4%	12 346 650	32,8%
1968	Tomomi Narita	65/250	28/126	8 542 199	19,8%	12 617 680	29,2%
1971	Tomomi Narita	66/249	39/125	8 494 264	21,3%	12 597 644	31,2%
1974	Tomomi Narita	62/250	28/130	7 990 457	15,2%	13 907 865	26,0%
1977	Ichio Asukata	56/249	27/126	8 805 617	17,3%	13 403 216
1980	Ichio Asukata	47/250	22/126	7 341 828	13,1%	12 715 880
1983	Ichio Asukata	44/252	22/126	7 590 331	16,3%	11 217 515
1986	Takako Doi	41/252	20/126	9 869 088	12 464 579
1989	Takako Doi	68/252	45/126	19 688 252	35,1%	15 009 451	26,4%
1992	Takako Doi	71/252	22/126	7 981 726	17,8%	7 147 140	15,8%
1995	Tomiichi Murayama	37/252	16/126	6 882 919	16,9%	4 926 003	11,9%