Development of the Molzhaninovsky district

This term has other meanings, see Glider.

This term has other meanings, see Pervomaiskaya.

Parks, squares and courtyards

Despite the large number of green areas, for a long time there were no parks or recreation areas for residents in Molzhaninovsky.

The first park was built only in 2015 - it was located at 3rd Podrezkovskaya Street, building 14. Previously, this place was an unkempt wasteland. During the landscaping process, the area was cleared - dead trees were removed, stumps were uprooted and new soil was brought in. A lawn was also planted here, a road and path network was laid, and benches and lighting poles were installed.

Park on 3rd Podrezkovskaya Street. Currently, two more recreation areas are being developed in the area. A park with an area of ​​2.7 hectares is being built on Sinyavinskaya Street, property 11, and a new park will be built between Luzhskaya Street and Leningradskoye Shosse. It is planned to place children's areas, a gym with a canopy, badminton, volleyball and basketball courts. Residents of the area also asked to plant new shrubs on the territory and preserve the cherry trees growing here during landscaping.

In 2021 and 2021, the territories of 8 courtyards were renewed in Molzhaninovsky. One of the best projects was the courtyard of new buildings on Sinyavinskaya Street, building 11, building 1-16. Children's and sports grounds appeared here, a new lawn was planted, parking bays were created, sidewalks were laid and asphalt surfaces inside the courtyard driveways were repaired. In addition, in 2018, a children’s playground was built at the address: Novoshodnenskoye Highway, property 63. A modern space with a large play complex, swings, rocking chairs, balance beams and a sports area with horizontal bars appeared on a vacant lot near residential buildings.

Playgrounds in the courtyard on Sinyavinskaya Street.

Playgrounds in the courtyard on Sinyavinskaya Street.

Playgrounds in the courtyard on Sinyavinskaya Street.

Playgrounds in the courtyard on Sinyavinskaya Street.

Playgrounds in the courtyard on Sinyavinskaya Street.

Playgrounds in the courtyard on Sinyavinskaya Street.

In the coming years, it is also planned to improve playgrounds in the villages of Melkisarovo, Novoselki and Burtsevo. They will be covered with a safety coating made of rubber crumbs and new play complexes will be installed.

Vereskino

Another village that became part of Moscow along with Cherkizov was Vereskino, located on the Novoshodnenskoye highway, between the Oktyabrskaya railway and the Skhodnya river, near the Novopodrezkovo platform.

In the sources at our disposal, it was first mentioned in a scribe book of 1584 as part of the patrimony of the Moscow Ascension Monastery: “The Ascension Monastery, which is in Moscow at the Frolov Gate: the village of Korovaevo and on the river on Vskhodnya... which was formerly for Prince Nikita Fedorovich Prozorovsky in the patrimony ... The village of Podsosenka on the river on Vskhodna... The Voznesensky Monastery: the village of Vereskino on the river on Vskhodna, and in it there are 50 acres of good land plowed into fields, and in two, 400 kopecks of hay, 5 dessiatines of arable forest...”

In the 17th century Karavaevo and Vereskino passed to different owners. Karavaevo with the villages of Yurovo and Mashkino first belonged to Prince A.I. Vorotynsky, and then Prince P.A. Golitsyn. At the beginning of the 18th century. it ceased to exist as a village, turning into a manorial estate, and the peasants were resettled to other villages of Golitsyn. Subsequently, the site of the estate was a wasteland, and in the 19th century. — Karavaikha mill on Skhodnya.

The villages of Vereskino, Burtseve and Morshchikhino (now within the city of Skhodnya) together with the village of Cherkizov at the end of the 17th century. were granted to Peter I's uncle Lev Kirillovich Naryshkin. In 1709, there were 15 peasant households in Vereskin. Near the village there was a road to Tver and further to Novgorod. After the founding of St. Petersburg, in some places it was paved with logs, and some sections were straightened, and it began to run away from the village. But since the road between the two capitals always provided additional income for the peasants, the village huts were moved from the Skhodnya River to the busy highway. Here travelers passing along the road could always get help and shelter.

Just like Cherkizovo and Vereskino in the 18th century. belonged first to the Naryshkins and then to the Razumovskys. However, then their destinies diverge. According to the family division, part of the estate went to Count Andrei Kirillovich Razumovsky, who in 1809 sold the villages of Vereskino, Burtsevo and Morshchikhino to Colonel Ivan Nikolaevich Molozheninov. In total, they then numbered 331 souls of both sexes.

The War of 1812 also affected Vereskino. In search of provisions, the French made foraging trips. In the village, they captured all the livestock and took away the grain, not only threshed, but also in sheaves. Neighboring villages were also damaged.

In the second quarter of the 19th century. Molozheninov's estate was bought by the maid of honor of the Empress's court, Tatyana Alekseevna Mukhanova. In the 40s of the XIX century. in Vereskin there were 20 households in which 138 souls of peasants of both sexes lived. After the death of T.A. Mukhanova in 1859, the estate, including Vereskino with 24 yards and 136 residents, passed to her sisters E.A. and P.A. Mukhanov.

After the reform of 1861, a charter was drawn up, according to which the village residents received 143.6 dessiatines of land, or, in other words, 2.25 dessiatines per male revision soul. At the same time, they could fish in the Skhodna River only within the limits of their allotment. The peasants remained in the position of “temporarily obliged” until the beginning of the 80s of the 19th century. Unable to cover all their needs through agriculture alone, Veresa peasants were forced to borrow money (for labor instead of interest) from surrounding landowners and engage in non-agricultural trades. Every year, more than 20 people went to work on annual “tickets” and several people on semi-annual tickets. In the early 1880s, there were two small establishments in the village: a carpentry shop and a blacksmith shop. Women's crafts also developed: in seven houses 21 people knitted stockings, in one - two women sewed gloves, in eleven - 24 people were engaged in weaving belts and laces. Near the village there was a “sandal mill”, or a blue-dyeing establishment of the Moscow tradesman A.I. Pashkova. It employed 14-15 “outsiders”, mostly men. The owner himself managed the establishment.

By the beginning of the 20th century. Significant changes occurred in the life of the Vereskin peasants. Although their total amount of land increased by 26 acres, the number of livestock decreased, and crafts became more widespread in the village. They covered all peasant households. The main types of local and waste crafts were glove knitting, trade, car transportation, carpentry and unwinding threads for factories. At the same time, the property stratification of peasants increased. Of the 28 available families, 10 did not have horses, of which the two poorest families had neither horses nor cows. In 1908, the Podrezkovo railway platform was built near the village.

The Revolution and Civil War contributed to the decline of agriculture. And although the amount of land used by peasants increased by 18 acres, the number of horseless households became almost twice as large as before the revolution.

In 1926, there were 37 households in Vereskin, in which 189 people lived. At this time, 33 people were engaged in trades and secondary earnings on 25 farms. Carpentry became increasingly widespread as the most profitable trade. It was practiced in 16 households. In the village there were 25 carpenters, 2 shoemakers, and 6 people had other earnings. At the same time, women's crafts lost their former importance.

In 1929, the collective farm “Strelshchik” was organized in Vereskino. All peasants who had horses were obliged to bring them to the collective farm, and those who managed to sell them were obliged to contribute the money received for them to the collective farm board. Local carpenters were united into a furniture artel. Only the shoemaker was allowed to work at home. One family was dispossessed and deported; a carpentry workshop of a furniture artel was opened in their house. In the mid-1930s, a club appeared in the village. In the pre-war years, most residents worked on the collective farm.

During the Great Patriotic War, many residents of Vereskin went to the front. Most of them died in battle or went missing. The local furniture artel was merged with Kryukovskaya. Like other enterprises in the region, it carried out orders from the front and rear. After the war, the village was electrified and radio-equipped. But many of its residents, especially young people, increasingly began to leave for industrial enterprises in Khimki and Skhodny due to low wages. Only elderly people remained on the collective farm.

In March 1984, the village was transferred to the subordination of the Moscow City Council, and in December 1985 it was included in Moscow. At the beginning of the 1990s, the village had 58 individual residential buildings with gardens, vegetable gardens and outbuildings, and 170 people lived permanently.

Social infrastructure

In 2015-2016, four Perspective school buildings were built in the area - two school buildings with a total of 1,100 places at Sinyavinskaya Street, building 11A and building 11B, as well as two kindergartens. One of them is located in house 11G on the same street, it is designed for 225 children. The second is located in building 11B and is designed for 300 children. All buildings have a modern look and are equipped with advanced equipment.

Interestingly, the schools in Molzhaninovsky are also the largest leisure centers in the area. They have about 150 clubs and sections for children and adults in five areas: technical, physical education and sports, natural sciences, social and pedagogical and artistic.

School "Perspective" on Sinyavinskaya Street. At Sinyavskaya Street, property 13, construction is underway of a clinic with a department for adults for 500 visits and a children's department for 250 visits. This is a very important facility for residents of Molzhaninovsky, since there is not a single healthcare institution in the area yet. The clinic will house a antenatal clinic, functional and endoscopic diagnostic rooms, rehabilitation for adults and a day hospital. The children's department will have physiotherapy rooms, a physical therapy room, a swimming pool, as well as a day hospital and a diagnostic laboratory.

Transport and pedestrian accessibility

Three streets were reconstructed in the area: Komsomolskaya, 1st Sestroretskaya and 2nd Podrezkovskaya. During the renovation process, roads were widened, 5.2 kilometers of sidewalks, two controlled pedestrian crossings, 38 unregulated pedestrian crossings and 254 parking bays were installed. In addition, the route of bus No. 865k has been changed, which now runs along these three streets. In this regard, six new public transport stops have appeared here.

In 2021, a new bus No. 283 was also introduced from Komsomolskaya Street to the Rechnoy Vokzal metro station, which provided residents of the area with an additional route to the metro.

Bus number 283. Photo: 2gis.mos.ru In the coming years, it is planned to open the third Moscow Central Diameter (MCD-3), two future stations of which - Planernaya and Novopodrezkovo - are located in the Molzhaninovsky district. The appearance of MCD-3 will significantly improve its transport accessibility - the area is cut off from most of the capital by the city of Khimki, and it was problematic for local residents to get to work through it along the congested Leningradskoe Highway. After the opening of the line, Molzhaninov residents will be able to quickly get to the center of Moscow and its south-eastern regions, and the load on the highway will significantly decrease.

Cherkizovo

Much longer is the history of the village of Cherkizova, included in the city limits of the capital in the 80s of the 20th century, which goes back to the distant past. In sources it is mentioned only from the 16th century, but we have the opportunity to trace its history from an earlier time.

It received its name from the Horde prince Serkiz, who left for Rus' in the middle of the 14th century. His son Andrei fought bravely against Mamai’s troops on the Kulikovo field and died a heroic death.

The descendants of Serkiz, written by the Starkovs (after the nickname of Andrei’s son Fyodor Starko), belonged to the top of the Moscow boyars. However, during the feudal war of the second quarter of the 15th century. Due to the defection of the only son of Ivan Fedorovich Starkov to the side of the opponents of the Grand Duke, their career was compromised and they were forever dropped out of the boyar environment, having lost most of their family possessions.

From the spiritual letter of Ivan IV it turns out that at the beginning of the 16th century. Cherkizov was owned by Pyotr Yakovlevich Zakharyin. Under Vasily III, he served as a okolnichy, then as a boyar, and died in June 1533. Soon after this, Vasily III bought the village from his children and in the same year, shortly before his death, bequeathed “the village of Cherkizovo with villages ... and with purchased villages, and with surplus state villages" to his son Yuri, the younger brother of Ivan IV. But since he was weak-minded, his role was insignificant. And although he had been married since 1547, when in 1553, during the serious illness of his brother Ivan IV, the question of his successor arose, not a single boyar spoke in favor of Yuri’s candidacy, since, according to Prince AM Kurbsky, “he was crazy and without memory and speechless." Until 1560, he lived with his wife in the royal palace, and only this year he was allocated a special courtyard in Moscow, built with funds “from his cities and volosts, with which his father, Grand Duke Vasily Ivanovich of All Rus', blessed him.” In the same year he died, and the tsar gave Cherkizovo to his eldest son Ivan Ivanovich. Yuri's widow Ulyana received 11 villages from these estates with a mill on Klyazma.

The scribal book of 1584 contains a detailed description of this estate, which consisted of several dozen villages and wastelands. In the village itself there was a wooden “masonry” Church of the Nativity of Christ, and there was a developed economy. Three ponds with crucian carp are especially highlighted.

After the tragic death of Tsarevich Ivan Ivanovich, Cherkizovo was among the palace estates for a century. The description of 1631 notes here a wooden temple, 4 clergy households and 23 peasant and bobyl households. In 1646, 67 people lived in 31 households. Documents from 1681 tell in detail about the internal structure of the sovereign’s village, which then had 35 households.

In 1689, the village was granted from the Order of the Grand Palace to the uncle of Peter I - boyar Lev Kirillovich Naryshkin. In the first years of the reign of his nephew, Lev Kirillovich enjoyed enormous influence, having received the Ambassadorial Prikaz in 1690, which he was in charge of until 1702. During the first trip abroad of Peter I, the State Administration Council was established, in which Naryshkin was the second person after F .YU. Romodanovsky. Lev Kirillovich died in January 1705, leaving his children a huge amount of land. Under him, in 1704, there were 57 peasant households in Cherkizovo.

Cherkizovo in 1732, in a division with his brother, became the property of Ivan Lvovich Naryshkin, after whom the village was owned by his daughter Ekaterina. She was born in May 1729 and was the grandsister of Empress Elizabeth Petrovna. The latter granted her a maid of honor and in 1746 married her favorite brother, Kirill Grigorievich Razumovsky. The bride brought quite a significant fortune to her husband, but the marriage was not very successful. The Countess died, barely reaching the age of forty, in July 1771. Judging by the “Economic Notes”, in the 1760s there were 34 households under her in Cherkizovo.

After the mother, her son Count Lev Kirillovich Razumovsky began to own the village. Under him, in 1790, a stone church was built in Cherkizovo, which was an octahedron placed on a tetrahedron, with a high faceted dome.

During the Patriotic War of 1812, the village suffered from military operations. The peasants hid from detachments of French foragers in the forests, but their property, according to the owner of Cherkizov, Lev Kirillovich Razumovsky, was completely plundered by the enemy, including all the livestock and freshly threshed and compressed bread. But the village was revived quite quickly. The peasants received significant income from their participation in the construction of the St. Petersburg Highway in 1817-1834, which received a hard surface of densely rolled crushed stone and passed near Cherkizov. Most of the peasants, with the permission of the landowner, moved closer to the road, and the part of the village that remained in the old place began to be called Old Cherkizov.

After the death of Lev Kirillovich Razumovsky in November 1818, Cherkizovo passed to Count Sergei Semenovich Uvarov, a famous statesman, president of the Academy of Sciences, Minister of Public Education, with whose name the so-called theory of official nationality is associated. He was married to Lev Kirillovich’s niece, Ekaterina Alekseevna Razumovskaya.

An interesting description of the estate is in the “Guide from Moscow to St. Petersburg and back,” published in 1847, where it was noted that at the 23rd verst from Moscow there is “the village of Count S.S. Uvarov with a beautiful stone church and neat houses showing contentment and order. Up to 600 peasants belong to the village.” At the same time, information appears about the estate built here.

During his father’s lifetime, his son Alexey Sergeevich Uvarov became the owner of the estate. He is known as an archaeologist, an honorary member of the Academy of Sciences, who played a particularly important role as the organizer of the Russian and Moscow Archaeological Societies, who put forward the idea of ​​holding archaeological congresses, and did a lot for the organization of the Historical Museum in Moscow. The Uvarov Prizes, which he established to recognize the best works in history and archeology, will forever go down in the history of Russian science. A like-minded person and continuator of his work was his wife Praskovya Semyonovna Uvarova (nee Princess Shcherbatova), who after the death of her husband became the chairman of the Moscow Archaeological Society.

On the eve of the abolition of serfdom in Cherkizovo itself there were 45 households, where 150 male and 168 female souls lived. In the village there was a “secular spare store”, i.e. public granary in case of crop failure. Even before 1861 A.S. Uvarov released 20 “revision souls”, and during the reform he transferred to the peasants all the land that was in their use. Each shower plot accounted for more than three dessiatines, which was the highest norm for the Moscow district. Fishing was left for the common use of the landowner and peasants. Before the land was redeemed, peasants had to pay 10 rubles for each plot.

The abolition of serfdom contributed to the development of crafts in Cherkizovo. According to data from the early 1870s, more than 70 peasants (or 19% of the total population) went to the city to earn money. Many women were engaged in sewing gloves and stockings, and unwinding paper for factories. The village had two blacksmith shops and a tavern.

In 1874, on the initiative of local priest V.I. Nadezhdin, the Cherkizovsky Zemstvo School was opened, which was attended by students from 11 surrounding villages. In the late 1880s - early 1890s, the daughter of a priest, E.I., taught here. Grigoriev, and M.V. helped her. Znamenskaya. Thanks to their efforts, almost 43% of the entire village population became literate.

At the beginning of the 20th century. the village continued to grow. On the eve of the First World War, there were 66 households and more than 430 residents in Cherkizovo, there were two teahouses, two small shops and a state-owned wine shop. In the early 1900s, a zemstvo veterinary hospital was opened here, headed by Emilius Ivanovich Gauenstein. In the early 1880s, he and his wife took part in the activities of the Narodnaya Volya circle in Kazan. Having settled in Cherkizovo, he launched cultural and educational work here. In 1910, he organized a drama club, for which an open stage was set up in the courtyard of the hospital. In 1911, on the initiative of Emilius Ivanovich, a library-reading room was created in the village, in the summer room of which a new stage was built. The number of participants in the drama club before the First World War reached 40 people. The repertoire included plays by A.N. Ostrovsky and N.V. Gogol. In 1912, a credit partnership was organized, which provided loans to peasants for the purchase of equipment, livestock, seeds, etc.

After the February Revolution, the volost government from Cherkizov moved to Skhodnya and the volost began to be called Skhodnenskaya, and since 1918 Ulyanovskaya. During the NEP years, the village continued to develop. In 1927, there were 79 households and 421 residents in Cherkizovo. The peasants kept 54 horses, 83 cows, 74 sheep and 15 pigs. They had at their disposal 564 acres of land, or 51 acres more than in 1899, and 111 acres more than in 1861. But by the mid-1920s, the fisheries were in decline. They were engaged in only 11 households: in the village there were 6 carpenters, 3 knitwear workers, 2 shoemakers. 5 residents worked in factories, and in 4 courtyards they rented out housing as summer cottages. The local credit partnership, which resumed work after the Civil War, merged in 1924 with Ligachevsky and Brekhovsky into one partnership called “Red Plowman”. In 1925, it included 226 people, and two years later there were already 471. In Cherkizovo there was a veterinary station, a reading hut, a library, a credit partnership store, there was a voluntary fire brigade, and a church.

During collectivization, the collective farm “Stalin’s Way” was organized here, dispossession took place, and the credit partnership ceased its activities. The temple was closed, a mill was built in it, then workshops, and later a club and a cinema.

During the Great Patriotic War, the front approached Cherkizov directly. In the fall of 1941, powerful anti-tank and anti-personnel barriers were built here. In addition to anti-tank ditches, scarps and counter-scarps, there was a continuous line of barriers covered with barbed wire through which a current was passed. At the beginning of December 1941, units of the 20th Army of the Western Front stationed here launched a counteroffensive and liberated the regional centers of Krasnaya Polyana and Solnechnogorsk.

After the war, Cherkizovo was electrified, and the local collective farm became part of the large state farm “Path to Communism”, the main industry of which was dairy farming, as well as crop and poultry farming. But the majority of the population began to work in industry. Some residents moved to Khimki, Moscow and the village of Novopodrezkovo, which grew up next to the village.

In March 1984, Cherkizovo was transferred to the administrative subordination of the Moscow City Council, and in December 1985 it was included in Moscow along with 53 houses, where 55 families (about 200 people) lived.