The national symbol of Japan is a bird of extraordinary beauty.

Official approval of the national flag

The red and white cloth appeared many centuries ago, but began to act as the state flag in the mid-19th century.
True, then it had different sizes and proportions: 7x10 and a circle slightly shifted to the left. Now the dimensions of the rectangular flag are 2x3, and the red circle is exactly in the middle. Many institutions use the old-style flag during the raising ceremony, considering it more elegant and elegant. Red and white remain the same colors from the beginning. In 1870, the Hinomaru was declared the flag of the merchant marine. Until this time, Japanese ships traded with America and Russia and sailed under different types of hinomaru. Now they have been identified. Hinomaru became the first national flag that the country adopted until 1885.

The Japanese flag has a long history; it goes back to a distant time, when one of the great empires was born and united. However, it was only recognized by law as the official symbol of the country in 1999. The date of adoption of the law - August 13 - became the day of the national flag.

sacred carp

Flag of Japan
Almost every Japanese fish has its own special sacred meaning. The symbol that is more widely known and loved by the Japanese more than others is the carp. On the islands it is called "koi" and is considered the embodiment of strength and courage. This is explained by the persistence of carp going to spawn. Koi is able to jump out of the water higher than one and a half meters, swim against a strong current and always overcome it. In this regard, the Japanese carp acts as a patron of men. Koinobori - flags with the shape of a fish - are hung on Boys' Day on the house, sometimes according to the number of all the men living in it. Black is assigned to the father, red to the eldest son (sometimes to the mother), blue to each of the children.

The yellow carp is perceived as a completely different symbol: the Japanese koi in this case becomes the personification of love. However, not as aggressive and down-to-earth as an octopus. Rather, it symbolizes the strength of marriage bonds. It is not for nothing that newlyweds in Japan consider it obligatory to release a yellow koi into the pond: it seems to become a guarantor of family happiness.

Another “good” fish is considered to be perch, called “tai” in Japanese. There are as many as seven gods of luck in the pantheon of this country. One of them, Ebisu, is depicted with this fish in his hands. It is believed that tai brings good luck in righteous works and new, but only good, endeavors.

Which ones are compatible with each other?

Flag and coat of arms of Montenegro. official symbols of the country

In Japan, all signs are distributed according to the elements:

• Fire – Aries, Aquarius.
• Water – Gemini, Sagittarius, Pisces.
• Earth – Taurus, Leo.
• Tree – Cancer, Virgo, Libra.
• Metal – Scorpio, Capricorn.

Therefore, compatibility is primarily determined by which element a particular zodiac sign belongs to:

• Fire signs are best combined with each other or with people whose element is Earth or Wood.
• Water signs can build wonderful relationships between themselves or those whose character is determined by the element of Wood.
• For signs patronized by the Earth, those individuals whose qualities are closest to Metal are suitable.
• People whose fate is determined by the element of Wood find a common language well with water and fire signs.
• For metal signs, the elements of Earth or Water will be closest.

Heraldry and symbolism of samurai and their meaning

Canadian flag - history and meaning of colors. what does the canadian flag mean

Heraldry and symbolism in Japan played a very important role, just as in European countries during the Middle Ages. That is, an emblem or symbol helped to identify which clan the samurai belonged to and which master he served.

Samurai symbols (mons) were an important element in life, and especially during battle. If medieval European knights placed their coats of arms and symbols on their shields, the samurai, unlike them, wore them on their armor or clothing.

These samurai symbols also helped to identify a warrior if he died on the battlefield. The victorious samurai or soldier could cut off the head of the fallen man, and, together with the uma-jirusi (sign, symbol), bring proof of victory to his master.

Uma-jirushi or "horse insignia" are the standards of various generals. They were in the hands of the rider and attached to a long pole. These insignia were used by the commander to command the army during the battle. Japanese insignia was simpler in comparison with European ones and therefore more understandable. Due to this, it was possible to quickly issue commands to the soldiers.

Revered Animals of Japan

:snowflake: Ｋｏｎ'ｎｉｃｈｉｗａ :snowflake:

Today we will talk about animals in Japan.

And not just animals, but revered ones

And so, let's go :snowflake:

In the land of the rising sun they treat all living things with reverence. This is facilitated by one of the national religions (Shintoism), as well as the worldview of the Japanese.

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Tanuki

(raccoon dog) :dog:

The raccoon dog is popular in Japan due to the many legends and legends that surround its existence. It is believed that such a dog brings wealth and good luck. Some people think that this animal has superpowers. Sometimes the Japanese keep a raccoon dog at home. After all, this animal can sing in an unusual voice, and, according to popular belief, it protects from thieves and teaches virtue. Raccoon dog figurines are sold in large centers and private shops.

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Cat :cat:

We are used to the fact that only the Egyptians worship cats, but in the land of the rising sun they are also significant animals. The Japanese consider cats to be creatures associated with otherworldly forces and capable of protecting people from the actions of dark magic. In the homeland of sushi and sashimi, there is even a temple dedicated to cats. It is located in the city of Kagoshima. It is not recommended to offend tailed and furry animals, otherwise evil spirits may do mischief in revenge.

Also, in the Edo era, the Neko cat was considered a symbol of the conductor of supernatural forces. Such a cat could bring light and goodness, but it could also conduct dark energies. The controversial mascot is sold everywhere in Japan. Many people think that a Neko figurine with a raised paw brings good luck, and give it to their loved ones.

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Falcon :bird:

Falcons of various types are also revered in the land of the rising sun, like other animals.

"Taka" is the Japanese name for all birds belonging to the order Falconidae.

Previously, the image of a falcon was used only by those families whose members distinguished themselves by their military valor. Then figures and paintings of these birds became ubiquitous. And the falcon ceased to be an official sign.

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Ibis :bird:

In the province of Niigata, the red-legged ibis is especially revered. The similarity of the ibis's color to the color of the official flag makes this bird an important Japanese symbol. In this state there is even a color called “tokihairo”. It is this that correlates with the tones of the ibis’s plumage.

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Pheasant :bird:

For the Japanese, the green pheasant represents maternal love and care. The Japanese archipelago is the natural habitat of these birds. This symbol is also considered unofficial for the state, but was chosen by the Japanese Ornithologists Association as the most important distinctive sign of the Japanese islands.

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Stork :hatching_chick:

The last, but no less significant attribute of Japanese culture is the stork. All over the world you can find many paintings from Japan with this particular bird on the canvas. The stork symbolizes fidelity and longevity, and is also valued for its grace and elegance. Thanks to the monogamy of storks, their images are used in wedding symbols.

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The four cardinal directions are four symbolic animals.

●Phoenix - south

●Turtle - north

●Tiger - West

●Dragon - east

Both the Chinese and Japanese consider these animals to be protectors; they even used to make sacrifices to them. Some cities were built with an eye on these symbolic creatures. Tokyo, for example, is positioned with this in mind. The turtle is the mountain, the dragon is the river, the tiger is the road, the Phoenix is ​​the sea. True, not all areas in Tokyo strictly correspond to the cardinal directions. Mount Fuji, symbolizing the turtle, is not located clearly in the north, but for the Japanese this is a minor deviation from the legend. By the way, the turtle in Japan is considered an extraordinary animal, symbolizing wisdom and longevity. Its shell is sometimes used for fortune telling.

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Mythical animals

Their images are actively used in the art of tattooing.

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Baku

A beast that drives away evil. Outwardly it looks like a bull, with the head of an elephant, rat eyes, tiger paws and a cow tail. Baku is all covered with fur, like a lion. Creepy creature. But despite its repulsive appearance, the animal helps people by devouring their nightmares and driving away evil spirits.

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Coy

What kind of carp is this? Considered a masculine symbol. When a boy was born, parents hung pictures of fish outside the threshold. Also, at the beginning of May there is a holiday called “Boys’ Day”, when for several days, at home where there are boys, parents hang out a kind of “kite” with the image of a carp. This symbol has the meaning of victory, overcoming obstacles, inspiration. According to legend, every Koi fish must rise to the Dragon Gate, along the Yellow River, where it itself will turn into a dragon. Apparently there is a connection in this, because. Many ancient paintings, and modern objects of art, clothing, depict a carp climbing upstream - it is believed that such a symbol will bring good luck and prosperity.

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Kirin

Another mythological animal image. The animal is strange, has the body of a deer, the head of a wolf, the legs of a horse, and one horn. The Kirin is covered in scales like a dragon, shoots fire from its mouth, howls horribly, eats plants and brings prosperity. The beast protects the house from negativity and protects a person from evil forces.

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Kitsune

Fox with nine tails (九尾の狐・きゅうびのきつね, “kyūbi no kitsune”）. An evil animal that can turn into a human after living for 100 years. In Japanese painting, Kitsune has cunning, wisdom and magic. There is even a saying about the Fox and Tanuki: “狐と狸の化かし合い” (きつねとたぬきのばかしあい)・the meaning is that both of them are worth each other.

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Japan is magical and unique, as are its customs and symbols. That’s all I have for today about this mysterious country :snowflake:

See you soon :snowflake:

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#HowAsiaIsLying

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Samurai Rangers

The popularity of samurai led to the appearance of various books, cartoons, films and TV series telling about their lives. This is how the television series “Samurai Rangers” appeared, which is designed for a children's audience. It has very little in common with real life, but is popular in certain circles.

Like real ones, samurai rangers have their own symbolism, which has its own meaning and meaning for each character in the film. The symbols of the Samurai Rangers are water, earth, fire, light, tree and sky (paradise).

However, films and books about real samurai only partially reveal the truth about their lives. Warriors and everything connected with them have a lot of secrets and taboos that are not revealed to a wider audience. In all likelihood, these warriors, who have a centuries-old history, customs and rituals, will remain a mystery to the rest of the world.

Japanese symbols evoke good luck and success. Japanese symbols in cultural and historical context

There is no doubt that among the many countries of the world, Japan stands out for its color, centuries-old traditions and unique symbols, hearing or seeing which instantly brings to mind the image of the ancient land of the Rising Sun.

This name was not given to Japan by chance, since the word “Japan” consists of two parts, the first of which means the sun, and the second is translated as the base (root).

This is where the allegorical name that this majestic country proudly bears comes from.

Brief description of the symbols of Japan

It should be noted that the symbols of Japan are the heritage of a great people who have collected them for centuries and carefully preserve them for future generations. This ancient country has many more unique symbols, which are as difficult to list as it is difficult to count the stars in the night sky. But if we talk about the most popular Japanese symbols, it is worth highlighting the following:

• Mount Fuji (Fuji);
• state flag and anthem;
• Imperial Seal of Japan;
• chrysanthemum and sakura;
• samurai;
• dolls;
• Japanese food;
• image of a cat (neko);
• green pheasant (kiji);
• raccoon dog (tanuki), etc.

Mount Fuji

It is no secret that Mount Fuji, whose second name is Fuji, is not just a symbol of Japan, it is also a miracle of nature that, like a magnet, attracts pilgrims, poets and writers who consider this place truly sacred.

The mountain is the highest point in the country. Its uniqueness lies in the perfect symmetry of the silhouette, which equates beauty and fragility, comparable only to the delicate sakura flower.

An unusually beautiful view of cherry blossom orchards can be seen if you climb to the top of Fuji.

According to an ancient Buddhist legend, Mount Fuji was formed in one night from a fire that burst out of a fissure in the earth. And this is far from a fictitious theory of origin, since in reality the island of Honshu, on which the mountain is located, is located on a plate fault, where a whole belt of cone-shaped mountains of volcanic origin was formed.

Flag and anthem of Japan

Symbolic for the state are its flag and anthem.

As for Japan, its flag looks like a red circle, which is associated with the blessed Sun, which is the ancient symbol of the country, which was worshiped by Buddhists, both in ancient times and today.

In this regard, the flag was named “Hi-no-Maru” (or “Sun Circle”). The history of the appearance of the flag goes back more than one thousand years, and its official adoption is associated with Japan’s entry into the world community, which occurred in the middle of the 19th century.

The national anthem of Japan (kimi ga yo) is part of the state paraphernalia. The text of the anthem is a five-line tanka taken from a poetic anthology of the 10th century. Its peculiarity is the presence of a large number of epithets and words that have a figurative meaning.

Chrysanthemum

The chrysanthemum is one of the most striking symbols of Japan, which personifies wisdom and happiness.

The history of the emergence of the state is closely connected with this beautiful flower, which the ancient Japanese associated with the power and energy of the sacred Sun.

Previously, the chrysanthemum symbol was prohibited from being used for personal purposes by persons who were not members of the imperial family. But nowadays this taboo no longer applies, and the image of this majestic flower is used without restrictions.

We hope that you are inspired by the story about the national symbols of Japan, and will want to continue to study the culture and life in this country.

In today's article we will take a closer look.

You will learn:

• How did hieroglyphs appear in Japan?
• Why do hieroglyphs need “on” and “kun” readings?
• How many hieroglyphs do you need to know?
• Why the Japanese won't give up hieroglyphs
• How to read the symbol "々"
• What order of writing strokes should be followed?
• And much more!

At the end of the article you will find copybooks that will help you write several Japanese characters yourself.

Japanese prefectural symbols

I recently started to become interested in Japanese culture and found a lot of interesting things. And I discovered a whole world for myself! First of all, the Japanese perceive the world completely differently from us. This is most obvious to me in their symbolism.

A little about the symbols:

Graphic symbols constitute the most significant layer of symbolism in general due to the predominant importance of vision in human perception. The graphic symbol is a visual illustration of the mystical doctrine of form, developed, in particular, by Eastern civilizations.

“The nature of the image is determined by the relationship between the deity and the worshiper” - Shukrasarya. “Nothing is pure form. Everything is essence and action, through signs.” — A. Emmerich

The image crystallized in artistic creativity presupposes a high degree of laconicism, due to its inherent economy of form and symbolic power. What is the psychological basis of graphic symbolism (magical interpretation is based on the literal interpretation of the theory of correspondences) of amulets, sacred and fortune-telling signs of any era.

I quote the text found in one blog. I really want to share)) In Japan, flags and coats of arms of certain cities or regions are mysterious pictograms, the meaning of which is not clear at first or second glance, especially for Europeans. But even without understanding the meaning, the graphic quality and completeness of the signs are visible. The number of flags belonging to cities, villages, and regions of Japan is innumerable. Here are the flags of some of Japan's prefectures.

Hokkaido The Seven Pointed Star symbolizes hope and development. The blue background of the flag represents the sea and sky of Hokkaido, the red represents the energy of the people, and the white represents light and snow.

Aomori The flag features a stylized image of the geographical shape of the prefecture - the "Crown of Honshu", made up of the Tsugaru, Natsudomari and Shimokita peninsulas. The white background color symbolizes the boundless horizons of the prefecture, and the rich green color symbolizes hope for development and prosperity. The emblem and flag of the prefecture were chosen on January 1, 1961.

Iwate The emblem is based on a stylized kanji character for “willow” (Japanese, “rock”), which symbolizes progress. The green color of the flag is the color of the prefecture's forests. The flag was approved in 1965.

Miyagi The prefectural symbol was created based on the hiragana character "mi" (Japanese) and represents the three leaves of Lespiceda capitata. The leaf that is located in the middle symbolizes the development of the prefecture, the left leaf represents the cooperation of the people of the prefecture, and the right leaf represents the love of the people for their home prefecture. The prefectural emblem was chosen from 1,615 entries submitted to the competition.

Akita Prefectural sign - a stylized image of the katakana character "a" (Japanese) - the first letter of the name of the prefecture. In addition, the sign is intended to symbolize the rigorous development of the prefecture. The Akita badge was chosen on November 3, 1959.

Yamagata The triangles in the symbol of Yamagata Prefecture are the mountains of the prefecture. The three peaks form a sinuous line, reminiscent of the shape of the Mogami River bed. In addition, the sharp ends of the triangles symbolize the growth and development of the prefecture. The prefectural emblem was approved on August 21, 1967.

Fukushima The emblem of Fukushima Prefecture is a stylized hiragana character "fu" (Japanese) - the first syllable of the name of the prefecture. The emblem and flag of the prefecture were introduced on October 23, 1968.

Ibaraki The Ibaraki emblem is an open rosebud, symbolizing progress and development. The sign was created in 1991.

Tochigi The Tochigi emblem is an abstract image of the Chinese character "Tochi" (Japanese) and three arrows, referencing the ancient spelling of the character "ki" (Japanese). The emblem and flag of the prefecture were announced on December 1, 1962.

Gunma Gunma Prefecture is surrounded by mountains, so in the prefecture's symbol, the stylized hieroglyph (“gun”, herd) is surrounded by three stylized mountains - the “Kozuke mountain trinity” - Mounts Akagi, Haruna and Myogi. The colors of the flag are purple, symbolizing elegance and preservation of traditions, and white, meaning peace and tranquility. The flag was approved in 1968, and the symbol (different from that used on the flag) in 1926.

Saitama Sixteen magatama beads symbolize the Sun, and also development and strength. The white background is a symbol of purity and friendship. The emblem and flag were approved on September 1, 1964.

The Chiba Prefectural Emblem was created on December 28, 1909. It is a combination of stylized katakana characters “chi” (Japanese) and “ha” (Japanese). The blue color of the flag symbolizes hope and development of the prefecture, and the yellow color represents the turnip flower, which was chosen by the residents as the flower of the prefecture. The prefectural flag was adopted on July 29, 1963.

Tokyo Tokyo Prefecture has adopted two flags that are used simultaneously. The first is based on the coat of arms of Tokyo, created in 1889 by Hiromoto Watanabe. The coat of arms features a Sun with six rays, representing Tokyo as the center of Japan. It is believed that the symbol was created based on the hieroglyph “kyo” (Japanese), which is part of the word “Tokyo” (Japanese). The flag's purple color is one of the traditional colors of the Edo period. This flag was adopted on October 1, 1964.

The second flag features the modern symbol of Tokyo - a stylized T-shaped leaf of a ginkgo tree, symbolizing the dynamism, prosperity and wealth of the city. The sign, designed by Rei Yoshimura, and the flag based on it were selected from 20 options in 1989. In addition, Tokyo consists of 23 special districts, each of which is actually an independent city and has its own flag.

Kanagawa The emblem of Kanagawa is a stylized first character from the name of the prefecture (Japanese). The emblem was chosen on November 3, 1948.

Niigata The symbol of Niigata Prefecture is a circle formed by the stylized katakana characters “ga” (Japanese) and “ta” (Japanese) and broken at the top by the hieroglyph “nii”. This emblem was adopted on August 23, 1963. Currently, the Niigata emblem is different from the one used on the flag.

Toyama The green line in the center of the emblem forms the hiragana symbol "to" (Japanese), the first syllable of the word "Toyama", and the high mountains symbolize the upward, constantly developing prefecture. The prefectural emblem was introduced on December 27, 1988.

Ishikawa The prefectural flag features the stylized characters that make up the name of Ishikawa Prefecture (Japanese) inscribed within the outline of the prefecture. The blue color of the background symbolizes the rich nature of the prefecture: sea, forests, clean water and clear air. The flag was proclaimed on October 1, 1972.

Fukui Prefectural Emblem was adopted on March 28, 1952. It is a stylized katakana recording of the name of Fukui Prefecture (Japanese). Young leaves in the prefectural symbol are a symbol of the development of the district.

Yamanashi The frame of the sign represents the outline of Mount Fuji, which symbolizes honesty, purity and sincerity. In the center are three characters for “man” (Japanese) - this symbolizes peace, harmony and cooperation among the inhabitants of the prefecture. The prefectural flag was approved on December 1, 1966. The symbol on the flag and the emblem of the prefecture are slightly different from each other.

Nagano The emblem of Nagano Prefecture is a stylized katakana character "na" (Japanese). The prefectural emblem was adopted on December 26, 1966.

Gifu The symbol of the prefecture is a stylized character “gi” (Japanese) surrounded by a ring, symbolizing the peace and harmony of the population of the prefecture. The prefectural emblem was chosen on August 10, 1932.

The Shizuoka Emblem combines the shape of the prefecture and the outline of Mount Fuji. The blue color of the flag represents the endless sky and the Pacific Ocean and symbolizes the development and success of the prefecture. The color orange signifies the unity of the people of the prefecture and the bright sunshine of the Shizuoka sky. The emblem and flag of the prefecture were approved in 1968.

Aichi The Aichi symbol depicts the sun rising from the waves and symbolizes the role of the prefecture, located on the Pacific Ocean, in international cooperation. It is also a stylized representation of the prefecture's name (Japanese). The prefectural symbol was chosen in 1950 from more than 1,600 designs submitted to a competition from all over Japan.

Mie The prefectural symbol is derived from the hiragana character "mi" (Japanese), the first syllable of the name of the prefecture. The outline symbolizes the progress of the prefecture, and the circle in the center represents the famous Mie pearls. The prefectural emblem was adopted on April 20, 1964.

Shiga The emblem of Shiga Prefecture is a stylized image of the katakana characters "si" and "ga" (Japanese). The blue background of the flag and the circle in the center of the sign symbolize Lake Biwa, and the “wings” symbolize harmony and progress. The prefecture's emblem was chosen on May 3, 1957, from the entries submitted to the competition.

Kyoto The emblem of Kyoto is a stylized kanji character “kyo” (Japanese). The flag and emblem of the prefecture were chosen on November 2, 1976.

Delicious national symbol: Japanese cuisine

The cuisine in Japan has many peculiarities. In every province of this amazing country you can find something unusual. But world-famous Japanese dishes have become true unofficial symbols of this state.

Sushi or “sushi” in Japanese came to this country from South Asia. They were originally made from seafood, but in the 18th century they began to be made with the addition of rice.

This dish requires strict adherence to cooking technology. Authentic Japanese sushi is prepared only from fresh ingredients according to ancient recipes. Their various variations are modern culinary trends that are not related to Japanese dishes.

Unagi can also be considered a traditional Japanese dish. Fried eel, seasoned with sauce, is served in traditional restaurants and is considered a real delicacy.

Another original Japanese dish is Soba. Buckwheat noodles, served with broth and soy sauce, are an everyday dish. This recipe originated in the mountainous regions of Japan, and today is popular throughout the state.

Buckwheat noodles "Soba"

Yakitori is a variation of chicken kebab. Chicken giblets and meat are fried only on charcoal and consumed with tare sauce. After the opening of borders in Japan, new recipes appeared that can be classified as a mixture of European and Asian cuisines, but yakitori, soba, unagi and sushi are considered the national dishes of Japan.

Japanese stork

In Japan, as in many other countries, the stork is a symbol of the hearth and home.

Another symbol of the Japanese is the Japanese white stork. This bird lives not only in Japan, but there is no such reverence and admiration for storks anywhere else. This large and proud bird from the order of ankles has a long beak, neck and legs.

The bird's feet are equipped with special membranes that help it swim well. It is impossible to hear a single sound from the stork due to the reduction of its vocal cords. With the help of their huge wings, birds can easily cover long distances.

In the sky, birds can be easily recognized by their outstretched necks in flight. Storks are distinguished by their enviable constancy in everything, so in Japan they are considered a symbol of home comfort and well-being.

Samurai weapons

The main weapons of the samurai were two swords called “daisho”. From the 14th to the 19th century they were replaced by wakizashi and katana. In addition, the warrior had a long bow, which he mastered perfectly. It should be noted that samurai treated their weapons with great care and respect, considering them sacred. On the blades of the sword, its guard and hilt there were samurai symbols that spoke of his belonging to the clan and his status.

In addition to weapons, samurai had armor. They consisted of many metal plates that were tightly laced to each other. Authentic samurai armor, which amazes with its reliability and beauty, has survived to this day. Also in Japanese museums you can see the uniforms of those whom the samurai served. This armor is distinguished by expensive finishing and decoration.

The warriors, in addition to the above weapons, had a special ritual tanto knife (kusungobu), which they used when carrying out seppuku, known throughout the world as hara-kiri. In essence, this is a ritual suicide, "harakiri" translated from Japanese means "ripping open the abdomen."

The main symbol of a samurai is, of course, his sword. It is worth noting that the warrior did not immediately receive it. When learning the samurai lifestyle and martial arts, young people had the opportunity to use a wooden sword. And only after they became real warriors, they were given a metal katana. It was a symbol of their maturity and confirmation that they had learned the philosophy of the samurai and Bushido.

Serau

Meeting a serow couple is rare. An animal by nature is a loner

For a long time, this animal has been on the verge of extinction, so the serow has long been listed in the Red Book and is considered an endangered species. After this animal was declared a natural heritage in 1955, the serow population began to increase significantly.

But with this increase in the number of animals comes a lot of problems that people in different places are trying to solve in different ways. It was allowed to hunt serow until a certain number of them were shot in order not to bring these wolves in sheep's clothing to the brink of extinction again.

This animal is small in size, weighing about 38 kg with a height of up to 90 cm. There are also giants among them, whose weight reaches up to 130 kg. Male serows are usually larger than females. Both have horns, the rings of which determine the age of the animals. The serow's first ring appears at 1.5 years.

These wolves in sheep's clothing prefer to spend most of their lives in splendid isolation. They form a pair only during the rut in order to continue their race. They are active in the morning and evening.

Dolls in Japan

Dolls in Japan are part of the national culture. There are dolls that are only taken out on holidays. And there are those that can be played every day. There are dolls for contemplation, as well as those made from scrap materials. Japan even holds doll exhibitions and festivals where they sell interesting doll souvenirs to tourists.

The history of the Japanese doll is directly related to mysticism and witchcraft. In ancient Japan, dolls were created by village sorcerers to heal or harm a person. Information has been preserved about rituals where the patient was asked to blow on a paper or bamboo doll, or roll it over the body, and then drown this thing in the river, or burn it. It was believed that in this way the disease would be transferred from a person to a doll, and would perish in the waters of the river, or burn in a fire.

In the Japanese dictionary there is a word "ninge" which means doll. Japanese dolls are divided into the following categories:

• Festive dolls or “hina-ninge”. The Hinamatsuri holiday is celebrated in honor of the imperial family. And the main characters on it are dolls. On this day, almost every family takes out carefully packed dolls from a hidden place in the house, representing all members of the imperial family. And these expensive toys are installed on a special stand or steps according to seniority. First, the emperor doll is placed, then his wife, children, advisers and all other courtiers in accordance with the regulations. On such a holiday, they go to visit each other and contemplate beautifully displayed dolls;
• Samurai dolls or "gogatsu-ninge". These toys depict samurai or other valiant warriors. The set may also include figurines of animals and historical characters. These dolls are used during the Tango no Sekku festival;
• "Chrysanthemum" dolls or "kuku-ninge". These products are made from bamboo and live chrysanthemums planted in a frame with roots. They are used as exhibition pieces for exhibitions during the flowering period of chrysanthemums.

In addition to the listed dolls, clay and mechanical toys, wooden tumblers for small children, and talisman dolls that bring good luck are common in Japan.

Harakiri or seppuku

The hara-kiri ritual is as follows. The samurai sits in the lotus position, then exposes his stomach and cuts it open, inflicting a cross-shaped wound on himself. This ritual was adopted among the Japanese samurai class.

A person was obliged to take his own life in such a painful way if his honor was affected. By performing this ritual, the warrior showed a sign of loyalty to his master (daimyo). Such a death was quite severe even for that difficult time, so it was later changed. Then, after the samurai pierced his stomach, another warrior cut off his head.

There was also a seppuku option, without the use of a ritual knife. In this case, the samurai brought a fan to his stomach, after which he was deprived of his head.

By committing hara-kiri or seppuku, a warrior showed the purity of his thoughts, courage and courage in the face of death. It should be noted that penetrating wounds into the abdominal cavity are the most painful in comparison with similar wounds to other parts of the body.

National emblem of Japan

General information.

Another symbol of the state is traditionally considered to be the coat of arms. However, Japan is an exception to this rule. There is simply no official national emblem of Japan. This is explained by various factors, but the primary reason is that the chivalric traditions of medieval Europe were unknown in Japan until the second half of the 19th century. However, in Japan, for a long time, there was a symbol that performed the same function as the coat of arms in European states - it was the official sign of the ruling family. This is a chrysanthemum flower, which is the emblem of the Imperial House. More precisely, a sixteen-petalled chrysanthemum with a double row.

The official name of such a flower is 菊花紋章 (kikukamonsho: / kikkamonsho:) - “coat of arms in the form of a chrysanthemum flower.” It is often called the state emblem of the Land of the Rising Sun.

Story.

Emperor Gotoba, ruler (1183-1198) of the Kamakura period, was a great lover of chrysanthemum flowers and began to use their image as his own seal. This tradition was continued by other emperors of the Kamakura period, and thus, by the tacit consent of the rulers, the chrysanthemum received the status of a sacred symbol of the imperial family.

Officially, the sixteen-petalled chrysanthemum was recognized as the coat of arms of the ruling imperial house in 1869 by order of the Meiji government. And in 1871, a decree was issued that secured the privilege of the imperial house to use the symbol, and persons who did not belong to the imperial family were strictly prohibited from using it. (This ban has now been lifted.)

During World War II, the chrysanthemum was actively used as a symbol of the Great Japanese Empire. It was attached to the bow of warships.

Symbolism.

The chrysanthemum, imported from China, became a symbol of happiness and wisdom in Japan. Also, the ancient Japanese often associated this bright flower, bursting with strength and energy, with the sun.

One of the many legends about the founding of Japan is associated with chrysanthemums. In ancient times, China was ruled by a cruel emperor. He was informed that on one of the nearest islands there was a chrysanthemum plant, from the juice of which a vital elixir could be prepared. But only a person with a pure heart and good intentions can pick a flower. The emperor and his courtiers were sinful people, and 300 young boys and girls were sent to the island who did not return to the cruel emperor; Fascinated by the nature of the island, they founded a new state - Japan.

Chrysanthemum in the life of modern Japan.

After the war, the ban on the use of chrysanthemum by non-members of the imperial family was lifted. Now the symbolic image of this flower is used in Japanese diplomatic institutions located abroad (embassies, consulates). The Order of the Chrysanthemum is the country's highest state award. An image of a sixteen-petal chrysanthemum, albeit with one row, is printed on the cover of Japanese foreign passports. Tatiana Kosareva

Symbols of Japan

Japan attracts us Europeans because it is unlike any other country in the world. Its originality is manifested by the fact that Japan does not have a national emblem. Instead, on Japanese passports there is an image of a chrysanthemum - a national symbol and at the same time the emblem of the Imperial House. This beautiful flower has long been associated in Japan with the sun and was a symbol of wisdom and happiness. It is not surprising that one of the legends about the founding of Japan is associated with the chrysanthemum.

It says that in ancient times the cruel ruler of China was told that there was a flower growing on the island from which the elixir of life could be prepared, but only a person with a kind soul and a pure heart could pick it. None of the ruler's associates had these qualities, so three hundred young boys and girls were collected throughout the country and sent to the island. But they did not return to the cruel ruler, having founded the new state of Japan on the island.

Emperor Gotoba, who reigned at the end of the 12th century, was a great lover of chrysanthemums and was the first to use the image of a sixteen-petalled flower as his seal. This tradition took root, and there was even a ban on the use of chrysanthemum symbols by anyone not belonging to the imperial family. Now, naturally, this ban is no longer in effect and a schematic image of a chrysanthemum adorns not only Japanese passports, but also government agencies and official documents. Japan's highest state award is called the Order of the Chrysanthemum.

But sakura is not recognized as an official symbol, but all over the world it is cherry blossoms that are associated with Japan, although more than three hundred species of this decorative cherry grow throughout East Asia: in the Himalayas, China, and Korea. But it is in Japan that admiring cherry blossoms (there is even a separate word for this - hanami) has been elevated to a kind of cult. The cherry blossom festival began to be held in the 3rd century. For the nobility and samurai, it was an occasion to think about the beautiful and transient nature of time, about lost youth and love, and for ordinary peasants, cherry blossoms meant the beginning of the rice planting season, and offerings were made to sakura, as a symbol of the harvest.

Now the Hanami Festival has become a truly national tradition. A wave of cherry blossoms sweeps across the country from Okinawa in late January to Hokkaido in late April. The news reports about the stages of flowering and the best places to admire sakura. For many Japanese, this is the best excuse to spend time with family and friends. With the development of the transport system, it has become popular to travel to new places every weekend, following the wave of flowering. The ancient capitals of Japan - Kyoto, Naro and Kamakura - are famous for the most beautiful sakura.

Sakura flowers are one of the favorite motifs for decorating household items, dishes, kimonos and other things. The theme of sakura, as a symbol of fleeting youth, the fragility of life, love and parting, is an eternal theme for literature and painting; modern art also does not forget about it. Sakura is one of the most popular female names in Japan.

Children are not named after Tanuki, but the animal itself is very loved and popular in Japan and is considered one of the national symbols. Its name is often translated as “raccoon” or “badger”, but tanuki has nothing to do with them, except that it is similar in color. In fact, this is a raccoon dog, a cute plump fellow, its weight is from 4 to 10 kg, and its body length is 65-80 cm. Now it is practically the largest predator living in Japan. Tanuki loves to settle in burrows, often winning them over from other animals, and eats almost everything that catches its eye. Therefore, raccoon dogs often live near people, raiding landfills and vegetable gardens. Because of their short legs, it is difficult for tanukis to move through the snow in winter, so after eating enough over the summer, the animals settle down in burrows for winter hibernation. Of course, not like bears, tanukis go hunting on warm days, but in cold weather they may not appear on the surface for weeks. Because of their fat bellies, tanukis are considered in folklore to be lovers of food and drink. And their crafty faces gave rise to many fairy tales and legends about cunning tanuki, jokers and deceivers. Tanuki are credited with the ability to turn into people, objects and even spirits, for the purpose of deception and practical jokes. And, although from our point of view, many tales about tanuki are quite cruel, this is still a positive character. Figurines depicting tanuki are given as gifts for good luck and to attract wealth.

And they also love tanuki for his loyalty. Devotion to family and children has always been valued in Japan. These animals mate for life. Tanuki puppies are usually born in the spring, and by autumn they become adults and independent. It is then that they find their “soul mate” and spend the winter with her, so that tanuki babies will be born in the new spring.

Tanuki are an unpretentious animal and are often kept at home. And he is valued not only for his good looks and sweet character, but also for his... singing. Yes, tanukis can sing. The sounds they make are similar to birdsong, meowing and whistling.

The image of the tanuki can be found everywhere in Japan, as well as the green pheasant kiji, the national symbol bird. Although recently many people see the tanko crane as a national symbol. Its coloring – a red spot on its head – is reminiscent of the country’s national flag.

The flag of Japan, in the form of a red circle on a white background, has been used for about a thousand years. It is called hinomaru - “sun circle”. Initially, this symbol was painted on fans. It was believed that the first emperor Jimmu won the battle due to the fact that the sun was behind him and blinded the enemy. Since then, a symbolic image of the sun was applied to fans, which military leaders placed behind the army, calling on the power of the luminary to help them.

Then it was the image of a red circle on a white background that became the symbol of the sun emperor. In Shintoism, white is the color of purity and spotlessness, and red is the purifying energy of fire and the sun.

Officially, the law on the national flag and anthem of the Hinomaru was recognized only in 1999.

Even the proportions of the flag were specified with the meticulousness characteristic of the Japanese. The ratio of width to length is necessarily 7 to 10, the diameter of the red circle is 3/5 of the width, and the location of the “sun” itself is not strictly in the middle, but one hundredth of the length closer to the stem.

Another universally recognized symbol of Japan is Mount Fuji. This highest point in the country is located on the island of Honshu. Since ancient times, poets and artists have praised its beauty, symmetry and graceful silhouette.

At one time, prints by the artist Katsushiko Hokusai from the series “36 Views of Mount Fuji” and “100 Views of Mount Fuji” were known in the Soviet Union, but these paintings are only one of many thousands dedicated to the sacred mountain. It attracts travelers from all over the country. It is believed that every Japanese should climb Mount Fuji at least once in their life.

Borislava Bilyavskaya

National flag of Japan

Official name: 日章旗 (nissho:ki) – “national flag” Common name: 日の丸 (hinomaru) – “sun circle” Date of official adoption: August 13, 1999 Colors: white, scarlet

Story.

The history of the flag in Japan goes back more than a thousand years, but at different periods flags/banners/standards were used as signs of authority, symbols of belonging to a particular military unit, and even as signs to attract the attention of customers. But the appearance of the national flag was the result of Japan’s entry into the world community, the desire and need to follow the norms accepted in it.

In 1867, after a long period of self-isolation, the country was opened to the outside world. Almost immediately after this, the need arose to create a symbol to represent the country. In 1870, Article 57 of the “Rules on Merchant Ships” established the mandatory presence of the Hinomaru flag on every ship. And after this, the flag became established as a symbol of the Japanese state.

During World War II, the flag became firmly established as a symbol of imperialist, militaristic Japan. In the countries of East Asia, one type of “sun circle” aroused violent hostility, and in post-war Japan itself, in the wake of renewal, heated discussions flared up about changing the national flag, but active economic, social, and political construction was underway in the country, and the question of the flag disappeared by itself to no.

It was only in the mid-90s that the Japanese public again turned to the issue of the flag. The reason was a debate about the need to hold a flag-raising ceremony in Japanese educational institutions on special occasions. And on August 13, 1999, the Hinomaru flag was first recognized as the official national flag of Japan on the basis of the National Flag and National Anthem Law, which exists under the current constitution. The day of the adoption of this law, August 13, began to be considered the day of the national flag.

Flag symbolism.

The prototype of the Japanese flag - a red circle on a white background - appeared in the Heian period (794-1185). But then it was used on fans of military leaders. It is believed that the legendary Japanese First Emperor Jimmu achieved a remarkable victory when the sun was behind him, that is, on his side and blinding his opponents. In the Middle Ages, military leaders placed fans with the image of the sun on a white background behind their troops, thereby calling on the power of the sun to their side. And when adopting this flag as a state symbol, senior officials appealed to the protective function of the sun.

The adoption of the “hinomaru” as the official symbol of the country is associated, first of all, with the identification of the emperor with the sun. The combination of colors – scarlet and white – is of great importance. In Shintoism, scarlet symbolizes the purifying energy of fire and the sun. It is also the color of life. White color is the color of pristine purity. Thus, the combination of scarlet and white symbolizes a pure and happy life, which Shinto deities help achieve.

The choice of flag was, of course, influenced by the geographical location of the country. In Ancient China, which, according to its inhabitants, was a “middle empire,” it was believed that Japan was located on the easternmost edge of the earth and the sun came from there. The same idea has taken hold in Japan itself. Thus, the flag became the personification of the rising sun.

Construction of the flag.

According to the National Anthem and National Flag Law, the Japanese national flag features a scarlet disc on a white background. The diameter of the solar circle is 3/5 of the width of the flag. The image itself is shifted 1/100 towards the shaft. The traditional horizontal to vertical ratio is 7:10. This dimensional ratio of the parts of the flag is enshrined in the appendix to the “Law on the National Flag and the National Anthem”, however, initially it comes from the general idea that this particular ratio of the white and red parts is the most harmonious.

The official colors used in the flag are white and scarlet, but bright red is often used instead of scarlet.

Portal about Japan

State flag

Official name: 日章旗 (nissho:ki) - “national flag” Common name: 日の丸 (hinomaru) - “sun circle” Date of official adoption: August 13, 1999 Colors: white, scarlet
History.

The history of the flag in Japan goes back more than a thousand years, but at different periods flags/banners/standards were used as signs of authority, symbols of belonging to a particular military unit, and even as signs to attract the attention of customers. But the appearance of the national flag was the result of Japan’s entry into the world community, the desire and need to follow the norms accepted in it.

In 1867, after a long period of self-isolation, the country was opened to the outside world. Almost immediately after this, the need arose to create a symbol to represent the country. In 1870, Article 57 of the “Rules on Merchant Ships” established the mandatory presence of the Hinomaru flag on every ship. And after this, the flag became established as a symbol of the Japanese state.

During World War II, the flag became firmly established as a symbol of imperialist, militaristic Japan. In the countries of East Asia, one type of “sun circle” aroused violent hostility, and in post-war Japan itself, in the wake of renewal, heated discussions flared up about changing the national flag, but active economic, social, and political construction was underway in the country, and the question of the flag disappeared by itself to no.

It was only in the mid-90s that the Japanese public again turned to the issue of the flag. The reason was a debate about the need to hold a flag-raising ceremony in educational institutions on special occasions. And on August 13, 1999, the Hinomaru flag was first recognized as the official national flag of Japan on the basis of the National Flag and National Anthem Law, which exists under the current constitution. The day of the adoption of this law, August 13, began to be considered the day of the national flag.

Flag symbolism.

The prototype of the Japanese flag - a red circle on a white background - appeared in the Heian period (794-1185). But then it was used on fans of military leaders. It is believed that the legendary Japanese First Emperor Jimmu achieved a remarkable victory when the sun was behind him, that is, on his side and blinding his opponents. In the Middle Ages, military leaders placed fans with the image of the sun on a white background behind their troops, thereby calling on the power of the sun to their side. And when adopting this flag as a state symbol, senior officials appealed to the protective function of the sun.

The adoption of the “hinomaru” as the official symbol of the country is associated, first of all, with the identification of the emperor with the sun. The combination of colors – scarlet and white – is of great importance. In Shintoism, scarlet symbolizes the purifying energy of fire and the sun. It is also the color of life. White color is the color of pristine purity. Thus, the combination of scarlet and white symbolizes a pure and happy life, which Shinto deities help achieve.

The choice of flag was, of course, influenced by the geographical location of the country. In Ancient China, which, according to its inhabitants, was a “middle empire,” it was believed that Japan was located on the easternmost edge of the earth and the sun came from there. The same idea has taken hold in Japan itself. Thus, the flag became the personification of the rising sun.

Construction of the flag.

According to the National Anthem and National Flag Law, the Japanese national flag features a scarlet disc on a white background. The diameter of the solar circle is 3/5 of the width of the flag. The image itself is shifted 1/100 towards the shaft. The traditional horizontal to vertical ratio is 7:10. This dimensional ratio of the parts of the flag is enshrined in the appendix to the “Law on the National Flag and the National Anthem”, however, initially it comes from the general idea that this particular ratio of the white and red parts is the most harmonious.

The official colors used in the flag are white and scarlet, but bright red is often used instead of scarlet.

National anthem

General information.

Official name: 国歌 (kokka) Common name: “君が代” (kimi ga yo) - according to the first line

As with the national flag, the need to have modern state attributes appeared in Japan with the opening of the country during the Meiji period. In 1888, "Kimi ga yo" was first adopted as the country's official anthem.

Text.

The text for the anthem was a five-line tanka from the early 10th-century poetic anthology “Kokinshu” (“Collection of Old and New Songs”). So, despite the fact that the idea of ​​​​adopting an anthem appeared in Japan later than in other countries, now the words of its anthem are the most ancient in the world. The author of the text is unknown. However, this five-line was quite popular and was included in later poetry collections, so its words have changed somewhat and the current version of the text differs from the original one.

A special feature of the five-line tanka is the large number of expressive means of language: epithets, figurative meanings of words, etc. That is why there is a need to interpret the meaning of what is written. So, for example, the first line – “Kimi ga yo” – causes great difficulty. In Japanese, the word "kimi" means "you", and is also a way of referring to the word "emperor". However, the generally accepted interpretation is the praise of the emperor, and the entire text proclaims the health resort to the sovereign.

In the era when these poems were composed, they were recited or sung. But the motive and manner of performance were exclusively traditional, so the music had to be brought into line with the musical norms of Western countries.

Music.

The very idea of ​​​​adopting the anthem was first expressed by the Englishman John Fenton, who served as a conductor of the Japanese army. “Progressive” people of that time, who actively advocated reforms, provided him with the text of the tanka quintuple. However, the music composed by Fenton was considered unsuccessful because it lacked the proper degree of grandeur. After an unsuccessful attempt, the music department of the imperial court took up the matter, whose employee Hayashi Hiromori composed the music. After another military conductor, the German F. Eckert, edited the tune, the Japanese anthem was performed publicly for the first time on December 3, 1880. The official date of adoption of "Kimi ga yo" as the national anthem is considered to be 1888, when its music and lyrics were sent to all countries with which Japan had diplomatic relations.

As with the national flag, after the war the anthem became closely associated with a militaristic past. However, it was performed on NHK radio after the signing of the San Francisco Peace Treaty in 1951, and since 1953 it has been performed daily on the NHK television channel. In 1999, the anthem was again recognized as the official state anthem in the “Law on the National Anthem and National Flag”.

National emblem

General information.

Another symbol of the state is traditionally considered to be the coat of arms. However, Japan is an exception to this rule. There is simply no official national emblem of Japan. This is explained by various factors, but the primary reason is that the chivalric traditions of medieval Europe were unknown in Japan until the second half of the 19th century. However, in Japan, for a long time, there was a symbol that performed the same function as the coat of arms in European states - it was the official sign of the ruling family. This is a chrysanthemum flower, which is the emblem of the Imperial House. More precisely, a sixteen-petalled chrysanthemum with a double row.

The official name of such a flower is 菊花紋章 (kikukamonsho: / kikkamonsho:) - “coat of arms in the form of a chrysanthemum flower.” It is often called the state emblem of the Land of the Rising Sun.

Story.

Emperor Gotoba, ruler (1183-1198) of the Kamakura period, was a great lover of chrysanthemum flowers and began to use their image as his own seal. This tradition was continued by other emperors of the Kamakura period, and thus, by the tacit consent of the rulers, the chrysanthemum received the status of a sacred symbol of the imperial family.

Officially, the sixteen-petalled chrysanthemum was recognized as the coat of arms of the ruling imperial house in 1869 by order of the Meiji government. And in 1871, a decree was issued that secured the privilege of the imperial house to use the symbol, and persons who did not belong to the imperial family were strictly prohibited from using it. (This ban has now been lifted.)

During World War II, the chrysanthemum was actively used as a symbol of the Great Japanese Empire. It was attached to the bow of warships.

Symbolism.

The chrysanthemum, imported from China, became a symbol of happiness and wisdom in Japan. Also, the ancient Japanese often associated this bright flower, bursting with strength and energy, with the sun.

One of the many legends about the founding of Japan is associated with chrysanthemums. In ancient times, China was ruled by a cruel emperor. He was informed that on one of the nearest islands there was a chrysanthemum plant, from the juice of which a vital elixir could be prepared. But only a person with a pure heart and good intentions can pick a flower. The emperor and his courtiers were sinful people, and 300 young boys and girls were sent to the island who did not return to the cruel emperor; Fascinated by the nature of the island, they founded a new state - Japan.

Chrysanthemum in the life of modern Japan.

After the war, the ban on the use of chrysanthemum by non-members of the imperial family was lifted. Now the symbolic image of this flower is used in Japanese diplomatic institutions located abroad (embassies, consulates). The Order of the Chrysanthemum is the country's highest state award. An image of a sixteen-petal chrysanthemum, albeit with one row, is printed on the cover of Japanese foreign passports.

Tatiana Kosareva

National anthem of Japan

General information.

Official name: 国歌 (kokka) Common name: “君が代” (kimi ga yo) - according to the first line

As with the national flag, the need to have modern state attributes appeared in Japan with the opening of the country during the Meiji period. In 1888, "Kimi ga yo" was first adopted as the country's official anthem.

Text.

The text for the anthem was a five-line tanka from the early 10th-century poetic anthology “Kokinshu” (“Collection of Old and New Songs”). So, despite the fact that the idea of ​​​​adopting an anthem appeared in Japan later than in other countries, now the words of its anthem are the most ancient in the world. The author of the text is unknown. However, this five-line was quite popular and was included in later poetry collections, so its words have changed somewhat and the current version of the text differs from the original one.

A special feature of the five-line tanka is the large number of expressive means of language: epithets, figurative meanings of words, etc. That is why there is a need to interpret the meaning of what is written. So, for example, the first line – “Kimi ga yo” – causes great difficulty. In Japanese, the word "kimi" means "you", and is also a way of referring to the word "emperor". However, the generally accepted interpretation is the praise of the emperor, and the entire text proclaims the health resort to the sovereign.

In the era when these poems were composed, they were recited or sung. But the motive and manner of performance were exclusively traditional, so the music had to be brought into line with the musical norms of Western countries.

Music.

The very idea of ​​​​adopting the anthem was first expressed by the Englishman John Fenton, who served as a conductor of the Japanese army. “Progressive” people of that time, who actively advocated reforms, provided him with the text of the tanka quintuple. However, the music composed by Fenton was considered unsuccessful because it lacked the proper degree of grandeur. After an unsuccessful attempt, the music department of the imperial court took up the matter, whose employee Hayashi Hiromori composed the music. After another military conductor, the German F. Eckert, edited the tune, the Japanese anthem was performed publicly for the first time on December 3, 1880. The official date of adoption of "Kimi ga yo" as the national anthem is considered to be 1888, when its music and lyrics were sent to all countries with which Japan had diplomatic relations.

As with the national flag, after the war the anthem became closely associated with a militaristic past. However, it was performed on NHK radio after the signing of the San Francisco Peace Treaty in 1951, and since 1953 it has been performed daily on the NHK television channel. In 1999, the anthem was again recognized as the official state anthem in the “Law on the National Anthem and National Flag”.

Official and unofficial symbols of Japan

Immersing yourself in the study of the history and culture of the Land of the Rising Sun, sooner or later you begin to get acquainted with its official part: learn the structure and structure of state power, state policy, and of course the first acquaintance begins with the official symbols of the country. But in Japan, in addition to the official symbols, there are many others, which we will try to understand in this article. The symbols of Japan are numerous, interesting, covered in amazing legends and loved by the citizens of the country.

• Positioning on the international stage

All countries of the world are obliged to obey the standards of the current political reality in order not to lose positions, not to lose in the tough struggle for markets, resources and other issues. Japan's worldview differs from European states, which for the most part have developed international rules.

Nevertheless, official symbols were approved here in 1999. This, like everyone else, is a flag, coat of arms, anthem. Now official delegations and citizens abroad have the opportunity to demonstrate their affiliation with the state in a generally accepted way.

All national symbols of Japan are of ancient origin, and the anthem is the oldest in the world. It is a quintet, repeated twice, glorifying the Emperor. The anthem was repeatedly improved in terms of sound and the current arrangement was approved in 1888, in the same year Kimigayo きみがよ was officially approved as the national anthem of Japan. The name きみがよ translates to “The Reign of Our Emperor.”

The Japanese text reads as follows (written in Cyrillic):

• Kimi ga yo wa Rule, Emperor
• Tiyo ni tiyo ni thousand, eight thousand
• Sazareishi no Generations, bye
• Iwao to nari te Moh will not decorate the rocks,
• Koke no musu made Growing from rubble

If the coat of arms and the flag, which are younger countries in origin, try to create in the same style, demonstrating the main advantages of the area and the people, then the Japanese decided to position themselves in the world on the basis of an ancient tradition.

Their flag is a scarlet disc on a white field, and their coat of arms is the imperial seal, which is a stylized image of a chrysanthemum.

• Other "patrons" of Japan

If everything is clear with the official part of the symbolism, it is approved by a special decree, then it is more difficult to understand the unofficial part.

It is up to the people to decide which plants, animals and birds to represent the country. And the Japanese love all their space devotedly and faithfully, therefore they value it and try to protect it.

In the imagination of Europeans, the Land of the Rising Sun is inextricably linked with cherry blossoms.

This happened due to the fact that in the spring, almost every country tells and shows information about Japan, drowning in flowers, about the amazing hanami holiday for us, and look at our social networks in the spring - how many beautiful photographs of amazing sakura can be seen in thematic groups. And therefore, in our minds, sakura is the symbol of Japan. In fact, this is what sakura is - a symbol, but not an official one.

And although this is not obvious to many, an honorable place in state symbols is occupied by another flower of amazing beauty - the chrysanthemum. The chrysanthemum, thanks to the choice of the Imperial Family, is a symbol of Japan.

It is believed that this flower resembles the sun - one of the totems (cult objects) of the Land of the Rising Sun. Chrysanthemum has long been used by members of the imperial family as kamons - a kind of coat of arms; these plants are grown everywhere, and a national holiday, held annually in the form of a festival, is dedicated to them.

Some animals are also a symbol of Japan, for example, the Japanese give the palm to the tanuki (たぬき), a local raccoon dog.

This animal is considered mystical and endowed with superpowers. There are many legends about him. Nowadays, images of tanuki can be found everywhere; some have a raccoon dog living at home. The Japanese are sure that it brings financial success, self-confidence, protects from troubles, helps to make the right decision, and promotes virtue.

And this real animal can sing. His music is a mixture of meows, whistles and bird sounds.

The cat that rivals the tanuki in popularity is the maneki neko.

The history of the appearance of the symbol goes back to the Edo era, although the attitude towards these animals is ambiguous. It is believed that they can become conductors of both light and dark forces. Neko figurines can be found everywhere. They are usually a little white cat with an invitingly raised paw. They are purchased and given as a talisman that brings good luck.

• Winged symbols of Japan

The Japanese are sensitive to their numerous feathered neighbors who nest seasonally or live permanently on the islands of the archipelago. Unofficially, several species of birds are considered to be the symbols of the country.

The first of these is the hawk.

Taka たか is the Japanese name for all birds, the falcon genus. They have been known since prehistoric times. Samurai and members of the nobility bred these birds and used their images as a coat of arms - mona.

The feather of a falcon was considered a sign of military valor. It was used to demonstrate one’s belonging to a family steeped in valor. Subsequently, the image of a hawk began to be used by families that do not have a mona. Because of this, the bird found itself among the unofficial symbols of the country.

The red-legged ibis (Toki), a snow-white bird with a red naked head and legs, is also considered a symbol of Japan due to the similarity of its color to the color of the flag.

It is considered the official symbol of Niigata Province. Interestingly, in the traditional Japanese palette there is the color of the ibis feather - tokihairo.

The green pheasant (kinji) is the main feathered unofficial symbol.

Its natural habitat is the Japanese archipelago. The ornithological society chose the bird as its symbol at its annual meeting in 1947. The reason why the pheasant was chosen as a national symbol is the strong maternal love of the female for her chicks; this bird symbolizes a strong family.

The pheasant has green-brown plumage over most of its body. There is a blue “scarf” on the bird’s neck. It is considered the main unofficial symbol.

One of the favorite birds among the residents of the archipelago is the Japanese stork Tsuru.

This is a graceful snow-white bird with a red spot on its head (again the colors of the flag). She is associated with longevity and is also valued for her loyalty. Storks are monogamous, meaning they choose one partner for life.

The image of this bird can be seen in the decor of wedding decorations.

The well-known story is about the girl Sadako Sasaki from Hiroshima, who suffered from the atomic bombing during World War II. According to legend, in order to recover from the disease, in Sadako's case it was radiation sickness, it was necessary to make 1000 origami storks. She tried very hard and hoped, but she didn’t have time; death turned out to be quicker.

Another version of why Sadako Sasaki wanted to make a thousand cranes is this: the girl considered the snow-white bird a symbol of peace and hope, she made them for everyone living on the planet.

• The most famous geographical feature

Throughout the world, Mount Fuji is considered the symbol of Japan.

Hundreds of thousands of tourists strive to admire its endlessly harmonious peak. The Japanese idolize Fujisan and consider visiting it obligatory. This is the highest point of the archipelago, located on the island of Honshu. This cone is mentioned in many works of national literature; odes and poems were written about it.

It is believed that the first recorded ascent of Mount Fuji was made by monks in 663. Before the Meiji era, women were prohibited from such travel. Since ancient times, a Shinto shrine has been located on the slopes of the mountain, and the mountain itself is considered sacred. According to legend, whoever climbs to the top of Fuji-san will gain immortality.

There are many more unofficial symbols, including animals, birds and even fish. But all of them are not so popular among the people.

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Implications for Japanese residents

The chrysanthemum depicted on the flag is not always understood by Europeans. The national symbol of Japan contains a magical number of golden flower petals. Their number is 16. For the Japanese who interpret numbers, the emblem indicates that the material prevails over the spiritual. The chrysanthemum on the coat of arms, which has 16 petals, is a powerful symbol. According to the inhabitants of the island, the number 16 brings financial well-being to a person and gives freedom of choice.

A monogram with a 16-petal flower is a symbol of good luck for people involved in business. For Japanese residents who prefer spiritual development, this number is unlucky. The Japanese respect symbolism, honor it, but remember that the inability to curb their desires destroys their own lives.

Japanese coats of arms - kamons - have been a family heirloom since the 12th century, so people honor the history of their state and know the 5,000 variants of coats of arms and their themes. In shops, tourists can buy souvenirs with images of any kamon. The national emblem of Japan, which appears on the country's flag, is prohibited from being used for commercial purposes.

Japanese macaques

To survive the cold, Japanese macaques have to sit in hot springs

Japanese macaques have a deep red muzzle and thick gray and brown fur. They can mainly be found in the northern regions of Japan. For forest dwellers, their favorite foods are leaves, fruits, and roots. Macaques can diversify their menu with insects and bird eggs.

Hot springs in the northern regions of Japan are their favorite habitat because cold and snow can occur there for up to 4 months of the year. In large groups of Japanese macaques, sometimes numbering up to 100 individuals, there is a strict hierarchy.

To communicate with each other, animals use the language of facial expressions, gestures and sounds. Japanese macaques are considered an endangered species, so they have recently been listed in the Red Book and are actively protected by humanity.

It’s interesting that animals survive the cold on winter days. They can practically be called hostages of warm water in the springs. In order to find food, macaques have to leave the water.

Animals' wet fur causes them to become very cold after leaving a warm source. Their group came up with a special duty. Two macaques do not wet their fur, but are constantly looking for food and offering it to those sitting in the springs.

This once again proves that macaques are smart animals. This is the most expensive of many ornamental pets. Not every person can afford to have one in their home.

The most unlucky

Along with the luckiest signs, the Japanese also identify outsiders who are considered the unluckiest zodiac signs:

• Virgo. He often fails due to his excessive criticality and pickiness over trifles. The habit of delaying decision-making only hinders Virgos, forcing them to mark time and not follow their dreams.
• Capricorn.
  People born under this sign like to dwell on their problems and failures. These are tough and practical people influenced by Saturn. They go to the top of success the most difficult way, overcoming numerous obstacles, and at the same time do not even try to look for workarounds. They perceive any changes with great suspicion and are very conservative. Because of this, success in their life comes only when they reach the very top.
• Cancer. A closed and cowardly sign, always hiding in its shell. Always chooses something that will not bring much success. Having every opportunity to make a successful career, he will occupy the lowest positions because of his doubts. He prefers to avoid even the slightest risks and rarely listens to his inner voice. Therefore, luck rarely comes along the way of this sign.

The unluckiness of zodiac signs in Japan directly depends on the influence of weak planets on them.

The Japanese borrowed a horoscope from the culture of other peoples, but made it completely different from the traditional one to which people from the West are accustomed. Much in the Japanese zodiac circle is determined by the five elements, as well as the ratio of masculine and feminine principles in each sign. Japan also has its own luck rating, according to which all signs are divided, under the influence of planets, into lucky ones and into those who rarely achieve great success in life.

Main Attraction: Mount Fuji

In addition to the living attributes of Japan, various natural objects are also revered in the country. Mount Fuji is an extinct volcano on the island of Honshu. In 663, the first ascent of the beautiful mountain was recorded, about which poems, odes and legends are composed. It was performed by simple monks. For a long period, women were forbidden to even approach the sacred mountain.

Mount Fuji in Japan

On the slopes of this volcano there is a Shinto shrine. And climbing this mountain is equivalent to gaining immortality. But what makes this mountain so unique?

It's all about its incredible symmetry. And also in the blooming cherry blossom gardens on its slopes. The legend about this mountain says that it was formed, as if by magic, in just one night. Its views are truly amazing and magnificent. And the atmosphere there seems authentic and pristine.

Japanese flying squirrel

The Japanese flying squirrel is a cute member of the squirrel family. The animal has a membrane of skin between its paws, which allows the flying squirrel to literally soar from branch to branch, fleeing from enemies or in search of food. Lives in the forests of the islands of Honshu and Kyushu.

Story

Early mentions of Japanese sun emblems are found in literary sources of the 12th century. The legend “About the House of Taira” mentions samurai fans with celestial patterns.

In the 13th century. The first Hinomaru flag was presented to the Japanese emperor by a Buddhist monk. The cloth was intended for the battle between the Japanese and the Mongols. The sun emblem was a reminder of the emperor's divine origins. The ruler was considered a direct descendant of the sun goddess Amaterasu.

In the 16th century Hinomaru flags spread among Japanese military leaders. The cloths played the role of a talisman. By raising the flag with the sun, the commanders ensured themselves the support of higher powers.

In the middle of the 19th century. The hinomaru became the distinctive sign of the state ships of Japan. In 1868, the first banner of the imperial army was developed - a red sun with 16 rays, placed on a white background.

Towards a modern image

In 1870, the sun flag established itself as a national symbol.

The image coincides with the modern design, but the shape of the flag was more elongated: the aspect ratio was 7:10.

During this period, Japan was experiencing the era of Meiji "enlightened rule". The country developed contacts with the outside world. The development of state symbols is a necessary measure to organize communication with other countries.

In 1885, the Meiji innovations were partially reversed. Legally, Hinomaru lost its status as a state symbol, but changes in legislation did not affect the practical use of the cloth.

In 1889, the flag of the Japanese Navy was created. A red sun with 16 rays was located on a white field to the left of center.

Since the beginning of the 20th century. Japan intensified its external expansion. Hinomaru rose during the Russo-Japanese War and armed conflicts with China and Mongolia. In the conquered territories, the white and red cloth was used for the ideological education of the population. The flag of the conquering country was raised not only on the streets, but also in schools in the new provinces. The children sang the Japanese national anthem while the hinomaru waved above their heads.

In the eyes of the international community, the solar flag was associated with the image of an eastern aggressor.

In 1945, after defeat in World War II, Japan came under US control. The use of state symbols was prohibited. To raise Hinomaru, permission from the American military administration was required. In 1949, occupation restrictions were lifted.

Japan changed its flag

In 1999, modern legislation on the state symbols of Japan was adopted. The act established the official status and modern proportions of Hinomaru. The aspect ratio became 2:3, while the old Japanese flag had 7:10.

In 2008, the Japanese Ministry of Defense made recommendations regarding the production of national flags. The clarifications affected the fabrics and colors of the design.

Appearance of signs

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When studying the symbolism of the samurai of Japan and the meaning that was attached to it, it is also necessary to turn to the hieroglyphs and the history of their appearance. Japanese characters, like most symbolic signs, appeared after they were borrowed from the Chinese. This is where Japanese writing and symbolism came from.

It is noteworthy that the same symbolic sign can mean completely different things. It all depends on how it is positioned among others. One of the most common symbols used by samurai is “fortitude.” Its components are hieroglyphs representing luck, friendship and several deities.

Samurai put this symbol on their clothes and weapons. It could be found on belts or long kimono collars. On weapons it was depicted on the guard or katana handle. It was believed that this symbol helps the samurai not to deviate from the Bushido code of honor, to be a good warrior and a devoted servant to his daimyo. For clarity, the article contains pictures with samurai symbols.