Biology lesson - do fish have vision, hearing and smell?

While fishing, the fish may not see us, but its hearing is excellent, and it will hear the slightest sound that we make. Hearing organs in fish: inner ear and lateral line. Water is a good conductor of sound vibrations, and a clumsy fisherman can easily spook the fish. For example, the clap when closing a car door spreads over many hundreds of meters through the aquatic environment. Having made quite a splash, there is no reason to be surprised why the bite is weak, and maybe even absent altogether. Large fish are especially careful, which, accordingly, is the main goal of fishing.

Freshwater fish can be divided into two groups:

• Fish with excellent hearing (carp, roach, tench) • Fish with average hearing (pike, perch)

Hearing organs in fish

The fish has a pair of ears that are located behind the skull.
The function of the fish's ears is not only to detect sound vibrations, but also serve as the fish's balance organs. At the same time, the fish’s ear, unlike a person’s, does not come out. Sound vibrations are transmitted to the ear through fatty receptors, which pick up low-frequency waves generated by the movement of fish in the water, as well as extraneous sounds. Once in the fish's brain, sound vibrations are compared and, if strangers appear among them, they stand out, and the fish begins to react to them. Due to the fact that the fish has two lateral lines and two ears, it is able to determine the direction in relation to the sounds made. Having determined the direction of dangerous noise, she can hide in time.

Over time, the fish gets used to extraneous noises that do not threaten it, but if unfamiliar noises appear, it may move away from this place and fishing may not take place.

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Do fish have hearing?

Fish, being at depth, as a rule, does not see fishermen, but can perfectly hear how fishermen talk and move in close proximity to the water. To hear, fish have an inner ear and a lateral line.

Sound waves travel well in water, so any rustling or clumsy movements on the shore immediately reach the fish. Arriving at a pond and loudly slamming the car door, you can scare the fish, and it will move away from the shore. If you consider that arriving at a pond is accompanied by loud fun, then you shouldn’t count on good, productive fishing. Large fish are very cautious, which fishermen most often want to see as the main trophy.

Freshwater fish are divided into two groups:

fish with excellent hearing: carp, tench, roach;
fish with satisfactory hearing: perch, pike.

Taste and smell in fish

Two openings on the frontal part of the head - the nostrils - are responsible for the sense of taste and smell in fish. Just like a human nose, fish have these holes to detect the smells and tastes of different objects. The olfactory organ in fish allows them to accurately determine the path to the spawning ground or find plant and animal food in the water.

The sense of smell is best developed in those fish that like to lead an active lifestyle at night and in places with low light. Such fish include burbot, catfish, bream, eel and, to some extent, carp. They distinguish salty, sweet, sour and bitter smells very well.

Taste buds are located inside the mouth, in the jaw area and on the whiskers of fish. If you look at how developed the oral organ is in bream and carp, and how easily they find food, then a lot becomes clear. For example, some fish species delay play away from their main habitats. These include, first of all, eels, salmon, roach, roach and crucian carp to some extent.

Interestingly, the fry, hatching from the eggs, cannot know where their natural habitat is. But they quickly find their way many hundreds of kilometers away and find themselves among their relatives. A striking example is salmon, which are born in the sea and then head home at high speed. Moreover, they find exactly the river where salmon live. They determine their native element by the composition of water and its taste. The olfactory organs are responsible for this. With their help, fish accurately determine for themselves the water in which they could live with the greatest comfort.

The same can be said about acne. These fish swim thousands of kilometers to lay eggs. And they easily find their native river. It is not surprising that at night these fish easily find worms and other food. By and large, they need vision for so many reasons.

The function of the organs of taste and smell is to determine the acidity of the environment and the amount of oxygen in the water. That is why the same bream or silver bream will not live in muddy areas of the reservoir. This water composition is not suitable for them, unlike crucian carp or crucian carp. Roughly speaking, if you artificially place fish in an environment that is unnatural for them, they will not take root there. The nostrils of fish are not connected to the nasopharynx. Therefore, taste buds are scattered throughout the body: on the antennae, fins and gills, as well as on the skin.

Eloquent examples are catfish and burbot, which love to hunt at night. These fish have very well developed organs responsible for tastes and smells: whiskers, fins and nostrils. With the help of whiskers and fins, burbot easily finds food in cold and dark times. Catfish do exactly the same thing, only in the warm season.

Most peaceful and predatory fish detect the electrical conductivity of water. The pits located on the body are responsible for this ability.

Fishermen should clearly understand that the sense organs discussed above affect the fish’s bite. Therefore, you can often find advice that you should not overdo it with flavorings. Humans and fish have a certain threshold of sensitivity to smells. When it passes, neither taste nor smell is felt. To understand how this can be, it is enough to inhale the aroma of a strong liquid concentrator with a pronounced odor. At first there is a smell, but then adaptation occurs. If you inhale a liquid with a stronger odor, you will not detect anything. The same thing happens with fish. If you throw bait with too strong a smell, the fish will not be able to distinguish it from the ground at the bottom by smell.

How well does a fish hear?

As an example, let’s take our beloved carp: it hears sounds in the range 5 Hz - 2 kHz
. These are low vibrations. For comparison: we humans, when we are not yet old, hear sounds in the range of 20 Hz - 20 kHz. Our threshold of perception begins at higher frequencies.

So, in a sense, fish hear even better than us, but to a certain limit

For example, they perfectly capture rustling noises, impacts, and pops, so it is important not to make noise

According to hearing, fish can be divided into 2 groups:

They hear very well - these are cautious carp, tench, roach

hear well - these are bolder perches and pikes

As you can see, there are no deaf people. So slamming a car door, turning on music, or talking loudly with neighbors near the fishing spot is strictly contraindicated. This and similar noise can nullify even a good bite.

Do fish have hearing? How do fish hear?

The main organ of hearing in fish is the inner ear, located in the head and represented by a special formation in the form of a labyrinth, which is connected to the swim bladder. The swim bladder serves as a resonator, amplifying sound. Of course, this is a very simplified description.

Most fish hear sounds in the frequency range from 5 Hz to 2 kHz. It turns out that fish's hearing perceives low-frequency vibrations better. For comparison, a person begins to perceive low sounds starting only from 20 Hz. But high vibrations of sound are perceived by fish much worse than humans. Dolphins make good use of this feature of fish hearing. During a group hunt, they communicate with each other using high-frequency sounds and even in the ultrasonic range, which fish do not perceive.

It is known that peaceful fish have much better hearing than predatory fish. In most freshwater predators, such as pike perch, perch, and pike, the inner ear is not connected to the swim bladder.

Hearing organs in fish

The lateral line picks up low frequency sound and water movement near the fish. Fatty sensors located under the lateral line clearly transmit the external vibration of water to the neurons, and then the information goes to the brain.

Having two lateral lines and two inner ears, the organ of hearing in fish perfectly determines the direction of sound. A slight delay in the readings of these organs is processed by the brain, and it determines from which side the vibration is coming.

Of course, on modern rivers, lakes and stakes there is enough noise. And over time, the fish’s hearing gets used to many noises. But regularly repeated sounds, even if it is the noise of a train, are one thing, and unfamiliar vibrations are another thing. So for normal fishing it will be necessary to maintain silence and understand how hearing works in fish.

The fish's senses include: vision, hearing, lateral line, electroreception, smell, taste and touch. Let's look at each one separately.

What kind of hearing do fish have? and How does the hearing organ work in fish?

Published: 03/13/2011
While fishing, the fish may not see us, but its hearing is excellent, and it will hear the slightest sound that we make. Hearing organs in fish: inner ear and lateral line.

Water is a good conductor of sound vibrations, and a clumsy fisherman can easily spook the fish.

For example, the clap when closing a car door spreads over many hundreds of meters through the aquatic environment. Having made quite a splash, there is no reason to be surprised why the bite is weak, and maybe even absent altogether.

Large fish are especially careful, which, accordingly, is the main goal of fishing.

Freshwater fish can be divided into two groups:

• Fish with excellent hearing (carp, roach, tench) • Fish with average hearing (pike, perch)

How do fish hear?

The average person hears a range of sounds from 20 Hz to 20 kHz. And fish, for example carp, with the help of their hearing organs, are able to hear sound from 5 Hz to 2 kHz. That is, fish’s hearing is better tuned to low vibrations, but high vibrations are perceived worse.

Any careless step on the shore, a blow, a rustle, is perfectly heard by carp or roach. In predatory freshwater fish, the hearing organs are built differently; in such fish there is no connection between the inner ear and the swim bladder.

Fish such as pike, perch, and pike perch rely more on vision than hearing, and do not hear sound above 500 hertz.

Even the noise of boat engines greatly affects the behavior of fish. Especially those who have excellent hearing. Excessive noise can cause fish to stop feeding and even interrupt spawning. We fish already have a good memory, and they remember sounds well and associate them with events.

The study showed that when the carp stopped feeding due to noise, the pike continued to hunt , not paying any attention to what was happening.

Hearing organs in fish

Of course, on modern rivers, lakes and stakes there is enough noise. And over time, the fish’s hearing gets used to many noises. But regularly repeated sounds, even if it is the noise of a train, are one thing, and unfamiliar vibrations are another thing. So for normal fishing it will be necessary to maintain silence and understand how hearing works in fish.

Source: https://feederist.ru/stati-i-rekomendacii/9-kak-ryba-slyshit

A little theory about the essence of sound

Physicists have long established that sound is nothing more than a chain of regularly repeating compression waves of a medium (air, liquid, solid). In other words, sounds in water are just as natural as on its surface. In water, sound waves, the speed of which is determined by the compression force, can propagate at different frequencies:

most fish perceive sound frequencies in the range of 50-3000 Hz,
vibrations and infrasound, which refer to low-frequency vibrations up to 16 Hz, are not perceived by all fish,
are fish capable of perceiving ultrasonic waves whose frequency exceeds 20,000 Hz) - this question has not yet been fully studied, therefore, convincing evidence regarding the presence of such an ability in underwater inhabitants has not been obtained.

Read Twister fishing and fishing techniques for beginners

It is known that sound travels four times faster in water than in air or other gaseous media. This is the reason that fish receive sounds that enter the water from outside in a distorted form. Compared to land dwellers, fish's hearing is not as acute. However, experiments by zoologists have revealed very interesting facts: in particular, some species of slaves can distinguish even halftones.

Side line

First of all, this is the lateral line - the main sensory organ in fish. It is a channel that runs under the skin along the entire body and branches in the head area, forming a complex network. It has holes through which it communicates with the environment. Inside there are sensitive kidneys (receptor cells) that perceive the slightest changes around.

This way they can determine the direction of the current, navigate the area at night, and sense the movement of other fish, both in a school and of predators approaching them. The lateral line is equipped with mechanoreceptors; they help aquatic inhabitants to dodge pitfalls and foreign objects, even in poor visibility.

The lateral line can be complete (located from the head to the tail), incomplete, or can be completely replaced by other developed nerve endings

If the lateral line is injured, the fish will no longer be able to survive for long, which indicates the importance of this organ

The lateral line of fish is the main organ of orientation

Singing fish

It seems impossible to find a singing fish in nature. And they only speak in fairy tales. But scientists have identified some species that can communicate using sounds. True, this does not sound like the speech, growling or whistling of birds. Fish communicate using a special rhythm of releasing bubbles. Some are able to give certain signs through fins and gills. Naturally, fish “hear” not with their ears, but with their bodies.

More precisely, they feel vibration. The researchers took advantage of the ability of sound waves to travel quickly in an aquatic environment. Experiments carried out on common crucian carp showed that it is possible to train them to swim to the place of lunch when they hear a whistle. A month of training was enough for the whole school of fish to respond to sound.

Do fish have brains or not?

Of course he is present. And some who like to sit with a fishing rod by the river seriously consider an unsuccessful day to be the tricks of a cunning creature. But this can be explained much more simply. The fish's brain is responsible for its behavior at the level of instincts inherent in nature. But completely different circumstances are to blame for the fact that she doesn’t fall for the hook.

What is the IQ of a fish? It is generally accepted that this indicator depends on the relationship between the brain and body. And although life proves that exceptions occur too often. Even scientists accept these rules as dogma.

The ratio of body and brain sizes in fish is too varied. In nature there are a huge number of species of all sizes and intelligence. For example, the Nile elephant fish is recognized as having the highest percentage of brain-to-body ratio. But can you call her smart if she doesn’t even get along with her relatives when there is not enough space.

If we look at the brains of fish and their bodies, then scientists have a lot to expand on. With about 30,000 known breeds, there is plenty of scope for research in search of the smartest individual.

More about the sideline

Scientists consider this organ in fish to be one of the most ancient sensory formations. It can be considered universal, since it performs not one, but several functions at once, ensuring the normal functioning of fish.

The morphology of the lateral system is not the same in all fish species. There are options:

The very location of the lateral line on the body of the fish may refer to a specific feature of the species,
In addition, there are known species of fish with two or more lateral lines on both sides,
In bony fish, the lateral line usually runs along the body. For some it is continuous, for others it is intermittent and looks like a dotted line,
In some species, the lateral line canals are hidden inside the skin or run open along the surface.

In all other respects, the structure of this sensory organ in fish is identical and it functions in the same way in all types of fish.

This organ reacts not only to the compression of water, but also to other stimuli: electromagnetic, chemical. The main role in this is played by neuromasts, consisting of so-called hair cells. The very structure of the neuromasts is a capsule (mucous part), into which the actual hairs of the sensitive cells are immersed. Since the neuromasts themselves are closed, they are connected to the external environment through microholes in the scales. As we know, neuromasts can also be open. These are characteristic of those species of fish in which the lateral line canals extend onto the head.

In the course of numerous experiments conducted by ichthyologists in different countries, it was established for certain that the lateral line perceives low-frequency vibrations, not only sound waves, but waves from the movement of other fish.

How hearing organs warn fish of danger

In the wild, as well as in a home aquarium, fish take adequate measures when they hear the most distant sounds of danger. While the storm in this area of the sea or ocean is still just beginning, the fish change their behavior ahead of time - some species sink to the bottom, where wave fluctuations are the smallest; others migrate to quiet locations.

Uncharacteristic fluctuations in water are regarded by the inhabitants of the seas as an approaching danger and they cannot help but react to it, since the instinct of self-preservation is characteristic of all life on our planet.

In rivers, the behavioral reactions of fish may be different. In particular, at the slightest disturbance in the water (from a boat, for example), the fish stop eating. This saves her from the risk of being hooked by a fisherman.

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The hearing organ of fish is represented only by the inner ear and consists of a labyrinth, including the vestibule and three semicircular canals located in three perpendicular planes. The fluid inside the membranous labyrinth contains auditory pebbles (otoliths), the vibrations of which are perceived by the auditory nerve. Fish have neither an external ear nor an eardrum. Sound waves are transmitted directly through tissue. The labyrinth of fish also serves as an organ of balance. The lateral line allows the fish to navigate, feel the flow of water or the approach of various objects in the dark. The lateral line organs are located in a canal immersed in the skin, which communicates with the external environment through holes in the scales. The canal contains nerve endings. The hearing organs of fish also perceive vibrations in the aquatic environment, but only higher frequency, harmonic or sound ones. They are structured more simply than other animals. Fish have neither an outer nor a middle ear: they do without them due to the higher permeability of water to sound. There is only the membranous labyrinth, or inner ear, enclosed in the bony wall of the skull. Fish hear, and they hear very well, so the fisherman must maintain complete silence while fishing. By the way, this became known only recently. Some 35-40 years ago they thought that fish were deaf. In terms of sensitivity, hearing and the lateral line come to the fore in winter. It should be noted here that external sound vibrations and noise penetrate through the ice and snow cover to a much lesser extent into the fish habitat. There is almost absolute silence in the water under the ice. And in such conditions, the fish relies more on its hearing. The organ of hearing and the lateral line help the fish to determine the places where bloodworms accumulate in the bottom soil by the vibrations of these larvae.

Can fish hear?

The saying “dumb as a fish” has long lost its relevance from a scientific point of view. It has been proven that fish can not only make sounds themselves, but also hear them.

For a long time there has been debate over whether fish hear.

Now the answer of scientists is known and unambiguous - fish not only have the ability to hear and have the appropriate organs for this, but they themselves can also communicate with each other through sounds.

A little theory about the essence of sound

most fish perceive sound frequencies in the range of 50-3000 Hz,
vibrations and infrasound, which refer to low-frequency vibrations up to 16 Hz, are not perceived by all fish,
are fish capable of perceiving ultrasonic waves whose frequency exceeds 20,000 Hz) - this question has not yet been fully studied, therefore, convincing evidence regarding the presence of such an ability in underwater inhabitants has not been obtained.

More about the sideline

The morphology of the lateral system is not the same in all fish species. There are options:

The very location of the lateral line on the body of the fish may refer to a specific feature of the species,
In addition, there are known species of fish with two or more lateral lines on both sides,
In bony fish, the lateral line usually runs along the body. For some it is continuous, for others it is intermittent and looks like a dotted line,
In some species, the lateral line canals are hidden inside the skin or run open along the surface.

In all other respects, the structure of this sensory organ in fish is identical and it functions in the same way in all types of fish.

This organ reacts not only to the compression of water, but also to other stimuli: electromagnetic, chemical. The main role in this is played by neuromasts, consisting of so-called hair cells.

The very structure of the neuromasts is a capsule (mucous part), into which the actual hairs of the sensitive cells are immersed. Since the neuromasts themselves are closed, they are connected to the external environment through microholes in the scales. As we know, neuromasts can also be open.

These are characteristic of those species of fish in which the lateral line canals extend onto the head.

How hearing organs warn fish of danger

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Hearing in fish

Fish do not have ears. But this absolutely does not mean that the fish do not hear anything. Just the opposite. It’s just that the organ responsible for recording various sounds is located inside the body. This is a swim bladder. The principle of its operation is in many ways similar to how the human eardrum works. Vibrations of the walls of the bladder are signals that are transmitted through special channels to the brain. The swim bladder has a fairly large volume. Therefore, fish are able to hear sounds at different frequencies from great distances. That is why you should behave very carefully and not make loud sounds so as not to scare away the fish.

Read Barley for fishing

But not only the swim bladder is the organ of hearing in fish. The lateral line and skin help to sense sound vibrations. The first organ perceives low sounds, and the second - loud sounds

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The organ of hearing and its importance for fish

We do not find any auricles or ear holes in the fish. But this does not mean that the fish does not have an inner ear, because our outer ear itself does not sense sounds, but only helps the sound reach the real auditory organ - the inner ear, which is located in the thickness of the temporal cranial bone.

The corresponding organs in fish are also located in the skull, on the sides of the brain. Each of them looks like an irregular bubble filled with liquid (Fig. 19).

Sound can be transmitted to such an inner ear through the bones of the skull, and we can discover the possibility of such sound transmission from our own experience (with your ears tightly plugged, bring a pocket or wrist watch close to your face - and you will not hear it ticking; then put the watch on your teeth - ticking hours will be heard quite clearly).

However, it is hardly possible to doubt that the original and main function of the auditory vesicles, when they were formed in the ancient ancestors of all vertebrates, was a sense of vertical position and that, first of all, they were static organs for an aquatic animal, or organs of balance, quite similar to the statocysts of other free-swimming aquatic animals. animals, starting with jellyfish.

The same is their vital importance for fish, which, according to Archimedes’ law, in the aquatic environment is practically “weightless” and cannot feel the force of gravity. But the fish senses every change in body position with auditory nerves going to its inner ear.

Its auditory vesicle is filled with liquid, in which tiny but weighty auditory ossicles lie: rolling along the bottom of the auditory vesicle, they give the fish the opportunity to constantly feel the vertical direction and move accordingly.

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How do fish's hearing organs work?

The fish determines the direction of sound with its lateral lines, and the frequency with its inner ears. Then it transmits all these external vibrations using fatty sensors located under the lateral lines - along neurons to the brain. As you can see, the work of the hearing organs is organized ridiculously simply.

In this case, the inner ear of non-predatory fish is connected to a kind of resonator - to the swim bladder. He is the first to receive all external vibrations and strengthens them. And these increased power sounds come to the inner ear, and from it to the brain. Due to this resonator, carp fish hear vibrations with a frequency of up to 2 kHz.

But in predatory fish, the inner ears are not connected to the swim bladder. Therefore, pike, pike perch, and perch hear sounds up to approximately 500 Hz. However, even this frequency is enough for them, especially since their vision is better developed than that of non-predatory fish.

In conclusion, we would like to say that the inhabitants of the water area get used to constantly repeating sounds. So even the noise of a boat engine, in principle, may not scare the fish if they often swim in the pond. Another thing is unfamiliar, new sounds, especially sharp, loud, and prolonged ones. Because of them, the fish may even stop feeding, even if you were able to pick up good bait, or spawn, and as practice shows, the sharper its hearing, the sooner and sooner this will happen.

There is only one conclusion, and it is simple: don’t make noise when fishing, which we have already written about several times in this article. If you do not neglect this rule and maintain silence, the chances of a good bite will remain maximum.

What kind of hearing do fish have? and How does the hearing organ work in fish?

While fishing, the fish may not see us, but its hearing is excellent, and it will hear the slightest sound that we make. Hearing organs in fish: inner ear and lateral line.

Carp hearing aid

Water is a good conductor of sound vibrations, and a clumsy fisherman can easily spook the fish. For example, the clap when closing a car door spreads over many hundreds of meters through the aquatic environment. Having made quite a splash, there is no reason to be surprised why the bite is weak, and maybe even absent altogether. Large fish are especially careful, which, accordingly, is the main goal of fishing.

Freshwater fish can be divided into two groups:

Fish with excellent hearing (carp, roach, tench) Fish with average hearing (pike, perch)

How do fish hear?

Excellent hearing is achieved due to the fact that the inner ear is connected to the swim bladder. In this case, external vibrations are amplified by the bubble, which plays the role of a resonator. And from it they go to the inner ear. The average person perceives a sound range from 20 Hz to 20 kHz. And fish, for example carp, with the help of their hearing organs, are able to hear sound from 5 Hz to 2 kHz. That is, fish’s hearing is better tuned to low vibrations, but high vibrations are perceived worse. Any careless step on the shore, a blow, a rustle, is perfectly heard by a carp or roach. The hearing aid of a carp. Carp's hearing organs are built differently in carnivorous freshwater fish; such fish have no connection between the inner ear and the swim bladder. Fish such as pike, perch, and pike perch are larger rely on vision rather than hearing, and do not hear sounds above 500 hertz. Even the noise of boat engines significantly affects the behavior of fish. Especially those who have excellent hearing. Excessive noise can cause fish to stop feeding and even interrupt spawning. We fish already have a good memory, and they remember sounds well and associate them with events

The study showed that when the carp stopped feeding due to noise, the pike continued to hunt, not paying any attention to what was happening

Fish hearing aid

Hearing organs in fish.

Behind the skull of the fish there are a pair of ears, which, like the inner ear in humans, in addition to the function of hearing, are also responsible for balance. But unlike us, fish have an ear that does not have an outlet. The lateral line detects low-frequency sound and the movement of water near the fish. Fatty sensors located under the lateral line clearly transmit the external vibration of water to the neurons, and then the information goes to the brain. Having two lateral lines and two inner ears, the organ of hearing in fish perfectly determines the direction of sound. A slight delay in the readings of these organs is processed by the brain, and it determines from which side the vibration is coming. Of course, on modern rivers, lakes and stakes there is enough noise. And over time, the fish’s hearing gets used to many noises. But regularly repeated sounds, even if it is the noise of a train, are one thing, and unfamiliar vibrations are another thing. So for normal fishing it will be necessary to maintain silence and understand how hearing works in fish.

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How do fish hear?

The fish's inner ear is connected to the swim bladder, which acts as a resonator that calms sound vibrations. Increased vibrations are transmitted to the inner ear, due to which the fish has good hearing. The human ear is capable of perceiving sound in the range from 20Hz to 20kHz, but the sound range of fish is narrowed and lies within the range of 5Hz-2kHz. We can say that fish hear worse than humans, about 10 times, and its main sound range is located within lower sound waves.

Therefore, fish in the water can hear the slightest rustle, especially walking on the shore or hitting the ground. Basically, these are carp and roach, therefore, when going for carp or roach, you should definitely take this factor into account.

Predatory fish have a slightly different structure of the hearing system: they have no connection between the inner ear and the air bladder. They rely more on their vision than on their hearing, since they cannot hear sound waves beyond 500 Hz.

Excess noise in a pond greatly affects the behavior of fish that have good hearing. Under such conditions, it may stop moving around the reservoir in search of food or interrupt spawning. At the same time, the fish is able to remember sounds and associate them with events. While conducting research, scientists found that noise has a very strong effect on carp and, in such conditions, it stopped feeding, while the pike continued to hunt, not paying attention to the noise.

Inner ear - movement of jelly and vibration of hairs

Every time we tilt our heads, tiny pebbles move out of place in the inner ear, lying on the shell of the cavity filled with a jelly-like substance. The flowing substance affects the nerve endings inside this cavity, and the nerves send impulses to the brain telling it that the head is tilted.

Whenever we speed up or slow down, it causes the jelly-like substance in the semicircular tubes of the inner ear to flow. The movements of this substance cause nerve impulses sent to the brain.

Pax 2,

A primitive version of one of the structures of our inner ear can be found under the skin of fish. Small cavities of the lateral line organ are located along the entire body, from head to tail. Changes in the flow of surrounding water deform these cavities, and the sensory cells located in them send information about these changes to the brain.

Pax 2

Organs of touch in fish

The organs of touch in fish are fins, whiskers, rostrum, and fin rays. With the help of these organs, fish form a clear picture of the surrounding world. Naturally, baits, baits, groundbaits are also evaluated by these bodies. In particular, whiskers and fins touch objects and thus evaluation occurs. Pisces can either accept or reject objects if they make them wary.

Spilling fish have differently developed whiskers. In catfish, burbot and barbel, the whiskers move due to developed muscles. With the help of the fish's whiskers, the taste and density of the fish are determined by an object at the bottom. A mustache is very helpful in cases where it is dark and visibility is limited. If the mustache is damaged for any reason, then it quickly loses its functions.

Read How to properly attach a vibrotail bait to a jig head

The rays of the fins are of great importance in the fish’s perception of the surrounding world. They are located in almost all fins: on the back and belly. In some species the rays are long, in others they are short. With their help, fish explore the bottom in search of animal food.

Using rays on the fins of fish, the density of food and its composition are determined. This is a very important point for anglers to consider. This is why there is a difference in bait for roach, crucian carp and bream. Depending on what fish we are targeting and what time of year, one or another bait composition is selected. The density and composition of the bait largely determines whether we will be able to place the fish on the spot or not.

All fish develop tubercles on their heads during spawning. During the spawning period, these tubercles are the main sensory organs.

The organs of touch and tactile senses are more important for bottom fish - bream, catfish, burbot, eel, sleeper. It is these fish that have well-developed fins and whiskers. They help to navigate well in the bottom layer, find food and avoid predators.

Can fish hear?

It was generally accepted that sounds do not play any role in the life of the underwater kingdom. Hence the saying: “As dumb as a fish.” And since the fish is mute and there is nothing in its environment that it could perceive with its hearing, why does it need it? Yes, but fish have ears. Their ear apparatus is as thin and complex as that of any other vertebrate animal. And this question has grown into a real problem. The experiments of some amateurs led scientists to believe that fish have hearing. Previously, in monasteries there was a custom of calling fish to a certain place in the pond for feeding. Hearing the bell, the fish immediately swam up. From this, perhaps, one could conclude that the fish has hearing. But opponents of this hypothesis object: Fish are extremely susceptible to tremors of the water surface and underwater currents. It can be assumed that they learned to detect not sound, but the vibration of water caused by the shaking of air at the sound of a bell, and to perceive this signal not with their ears, but with their skin. Only a few decades ago, Professor Frome (Munich Zoological Institute) managed to shed light on this unclear issue. At the moment when the fish received food, a sound of a certain pitch was heard underwater. After doing this experiment several times, the professor began to notice that the fish reacted to the sound as if it were receiving food. When a horn sounded under the water, the fish buried its muzzle in the bottom of the aquarium, looking for the promised tidbit there. Continuing these experiments, she was taught to distinguish between two different pitches and tones. In addition to the signal for food, the professor gave danger signals. At the moment the alarm sounded, the fish received a light blow with a thin glass rod. In the end, when she heard sounds of a certain tone, she immediately took off running. It should be noted that the hearing abilities of fish (musicality) are very individual. They range from 4615 to 6970 sound waves per second.

These experiments proved to us that fish certainly distinguish sounds, but did not answer the question - how do they distinguish them?

The inner ear of fish is an apparatus of the same complexity as that of humans. It not only picks up sound and conducts it to the brain, but its channels also control balance. And so, in order to more accurately learn about the functions of the fish ear, we had to resort to the most complex operations. Part of the inner ear of the fish was removed under anesthesia: either the canals or the cochlea. The fish that underwent this operation to remove the canals swam on their backs, on their sides, and stood on their heads. In short, they lost their balance, but continued to hear. If only the snail was removed, then the fish continued to swim as before, but became insensitive to high- and mid-tone sounds. This means that the operation removed the apparatus that perceived these sounds. However, the fish continued to distinguish low-pitched sounds. This means that other sense organs were at work here - the organs of touch, and the fish caught not the sound itself, but the vibration of the water. So, experience has confirmed that fish, this lower group of vertebrates, has an excellent hearing aid. Yes, this, in fact, was to be expected, judging by its anatomical structure.

What do fish actually hear?

Scientists have not yet come to a definite conclusion on this issue. However, some experiments suggest that they are not as dumb as the proverb suggests. Perhaps most of the sounds they produce are so subtle that a person cannot hear them with the naked ear. The experiments continue!

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Organ of balance and hearing

Cyclostomes and fish have a paired organ of balance and hearing, which is represented by the inner ear (or membranous labyrinth) and located in the auditory capsules of the back of the skull. The membranous labyrinth consists of two sacs: 1) the superior oval; 2) the bottom is round.

In cartilaginous animals, the labyrinth is not completely divided into oval and round sacs. In many species, an outgrowth (lagena) extends from the round sac, which is the rudiment of the cochlea. Three semicircular canals extend from the oval sac in mutually perpendicular planes (in lampreys - 2, in hagfishes - 1). At one end of the semicircular canals there is an extension (ampulla). The cavity of the labyrinth is filled with endolymph. An endolymphatic duct departs from the labyrinth, which in bony fishes ends blindly, and in cartilaginous fishes it communicates with the external environment. The inner ear has hair cells, which are the endings of the auditory nerve and are located in patches in the ampullae of the semicircular canals, sacs and lagena. The membranous labyrinth contains auditory pebbles, or otoliths. They are located in three on each side: one, the largest, otolith, is in a round sac, the second is in an oval sac, and the third is in the lagena. The annual rings are clearly visible on the otoliths, which are used to determine the age of some fish species (smelt, ruffe, etc.).

The upper part of the membranous labyrinth (an oval sac with semicircular canals) performs the function of an organ of balance, the lower part of the labyrinth perceives sounds. Any change in head position causes movement of the endolymph and otoliths and irritates the hair cells.

Fish perceive sounds in water in the range from 5 Hz to 15 kHz; sounds of higher frequencies (ultrasounds) are not perceived by fish. Fish also perceive sounds using the sensory organs of the lateral line system. Sensitive cells of the inner ear and lateral line have a similar structure, are innervated by branches of the auditory nerve and belong to a single acousticolateral system (center in the medulla oblongata). The lateral line expands the wave range and allows you to perceive low-frequency sound vibrations (5-20 Hz) caused by earthquakes, waves, etc.

The sensitivity of the inner ear increases in fish with a swim bladder, which is a resonator and reflector of sound vibrations. The connection of the swim bladder with the inner ear is carried out using the Weberian apparatus (4 ossicle system) (in cyprinids), blind outgrowths of the swim bladder (in herring, cod) or special air cavities. The most sensitive to sounds are fish that have a Weber apparatus. With the help of a swim bladder connected to the inner ear, fish are able to perceive sounds of low and high frequencies.

N.V. ILMAST. INTRODUCTION TO ICHTHYOLOGY. Petrozavodsk, 2005

“Don’t make any noise to me here, otherwise you’ll scare away all the fish” - how many times have we heard a similar phrase. And many novice fishermen still naively believe that such words are spoken solely out of severity, a desire to remain silent, and superstition. They think something like this: a fish swims in water, what can it hear there? It turns out that there is a lot; there is no need to be mistaken about this. To clarify the situation, we want to tell you what kind of hearing fish have and why they can easily be scared away by some sharp or loud sounds.

Those who think that carp, bream, carp and other inhabitants of water areas are practically deaf are deeply mistaken. Fish have excellent hearing - both due to developed organs (the inner ear and lateral line), and due to the fact that water conducts sound vibrations well. So it’s really not worth making noise during feeder fishing. But how well does a fish hear? Just like us, better or worse? Let's look at this issue.

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Source: https://bio.bobrodobro.ru/14463

Hearing organs in fish

What kind of hearing do fish have?

They think something like this: a fish swims in water, what can it hear there? It turns out that there is a lot; there is no need to be mistaken about this.

To clarify the situation, we want to tell you what kind of hearing fish have and why they can easily be scared away by some sharp or loud sounds.

Those who think that carp, bream, carp and other inhabitants of water areas are practically deaf are deeply mistaken.

Fish have excellent hearing - both due to developed organs (the inner ear and lateral line), and due to the fact that water conducts sound vibrations well. So it’s really not worth making noise during feeder fishing.

But how well does a fish hear? Just like us, better or worse? Let's look at this issue.

How well does a fish hear?

As an example, let’s take our beloved carp: it hears sounds in the range 5 Hz - 2 kHz . These are low vibrations. For comparison: we humans, when we are not yet old, hear sounds in the range of 20 Hz - 20 kHz. Our threshold of perception begins at higher frequencies.

So, in a sense, fish hear even better than us, but to a certain limit. For example, they perfectly capture rustles, impacts, and pops, so it is important not to make noise.

According to hearing, fish can be divided into 2 groups:

They hear very well - these are cautious carp, tench, roach
hear well - these are bolder perches and pikes

What hearing organs do fish have?

At the back of the fish's head there is a pair of inner ears , responsible for hearing and a sense of balance. Please note that these organs have no exit to the outside.
Along the body of the fish, on both sides, there are lateral lines - unique detectors of water movement and low-frequency sounds. Such vibrations are recorded by fat sensors.

How do fish's hearing organs work?

In conclusion, we would like to say that the inhabitants of the water area get used to constantly repeating sounds. So even the noise of a boat engine, in principle, may not scare the fish if they often swim in the pond.

Another thing is unfamiliar, new sounds, especially sharp, loud, and prolonged ones.

Because of them, the fish may even stop feeding, even if you were able to pick up good bait, or spawn, and as practice shows, the sharper its hearing, the sooner and sooner this will happen.

Source: https://carpomaniya.com/stati-i-rekomendaczii/kakoj-slukh-u-ryb

Do fish have ears?

The excess of the sound background of fish over ambient noise is no more than 15 dB. The background noise of a ship can be ten times greater than the soundscape of a fish. Therefore, fish bearing is only possible from those vessels that can operate in “silence” mode, i.e., with the engines turned off.

Thus, the well-known expression “dumb as a fish” is clearly not true. All fish have a perfect sound reception apparatus. In addition, fish are sources of acoustic and hydrodynamic fields, which they actively use to communicate within the school, detect prey, warn relatives about possible danger, and other purposes.